工业电阻炉温度模糊控制系统的设计

西安科技大学电控学院学士学位论文-I-工业电阻炉温度模糊控制系统的设计摘要本文根据实际生产过程的温度特性，针对时滞和不确定的复杂非线性系统的控制问题，提出了一种模糊控制系统方案，该模糊控制器用于电阻炉的温度控制,可在模型未知的情况下，根据被控温度的偏差大小，选取适当的控制算法进行自动调节，使炉温达到给定值，方案结构简单，无需被控对象的精确数学模型，且能适应环境的变化，具有控制精度高、动态性能好的特点。电阻炉由电阻丝加热，温度控制具有非线性、大滞后、大惯性、时变性、升温单向性等特点。在实际应用和研究中，温度控制遇到了以下困难：第一，很难建立精确的数学模型；第二，不能很好地解决非线性、大滞后等问题。以精确数学模型为基础的经典控制理论和现代控制论在解决这些问题时遇到了极大的困难，而以语言规则模型（IF-THEN）为基础的模糊控制理论却是解决上述问题的有效途径和方法。国内现有的一些模糊设计方法大多存在不同缺点，而且真正把理论研究应用到实际系统的实例较少。所以，深入研究在电阻炉系统控制中具体应用模糊控制设计理论是十分必要的。关键词：电阻炉；模糊控制器；温度控制；控制仿真西安科技大学电控学院学士学位论文-II-ADesignofTemperatureFuzzyControlSystemofIndustryResistorFurnanceAbstractInthispaper,accordingtothetemperaturecharacteristicoftherealproductionprocess,andinviewofskewinganduncertaincomplicatednon-linearcontrolquestionsystematically,thispaperputsforwardakindoffuzzycontrolsystemscheme,whoseschemestructureissimpleandwhichdoesnotneedthetarget'saccuratemathematicalmodel,andcanadapttothechangeoftheenvironment,controllingthecharacteristicwithhighprecisionandwithgooddynamicperformance.Thisfuzzycontrollerisusedinresistancefurnacetemperaturecontrol.Satisfactoryresulthasbeenobtained.Electricheatingfurnaceisheatedbyresistancewire,soithasnon-linear,greatlagging,biginertia,timevaryingandunidirectionalrising.Inpracticalstudyandapplication,thetemperaturecontrolofelectricheatingfurnacehasmetthefollowingdifficulty:First,itisverydifficulttosetupaccuratemathematicsmodel;Second,wecan'twellsolvetheproblemsofnon-linear,greatlaggingetc..Theclassicalcontroltheorybasedonaccuratemathematicsmodelandmoderncyberneticshavemetgreatdifficultyinsolvingtheseproblems,butthefuzzycontroltheorybasedonregularlanguagemodelofIF-THENisaneffectivewayofsolvingtheabove-mentionedproblems.Somedomesticexistingfuzzydesignmethodsmostlyhavedifferentshortcomings,andpracticalsystemsappliedbytheoreticalresearcharelessreally.Sofurtherinvestigatinghowthefuzzydesigntheorysystemisappliedincontrolsystemofelectricheatingfurnaceisverynecessary.KeywordsResistancefurnace；fuzzycontroller；temperaturecontrol西安科技大学电控学院学士学位论文-III-目录摘要……...............................................................................................................IAbstract...............................................................................................................II第1章绪论........................................................................................................11.1课题背景...................................................................................................11.2工业电阻炉的介绍...................................................................................11.3模糊控制的研究与进展...........................................................................41.4模糊控制在工业电阻炉上应用的可行性...............................................6第2章模糊控制理论........................................................................................72.1引言...........................................................................................................72.2模糊控制系统组成及工作原理...............................................................82.2.1模糊控制系统的组成........................................................................92.2.2模糊控制系统工作原理....................................................................92.3模糊控制器的结构与设计.......................................................................9第3章电阻炉温度模糊控制系统的设计......................................................133.1电阻炉温度模糊控制系统.....................................................................133.2温度控制系统硬件设计概述.................................................................143.2.1温度传感器的选择..........................................................................143.2.2温度信号转换电路..........................................................................153.2.3A/D转换与开关量输出接口...........................................................163.2.4可控硅触发电路..............................................................................163.3模糊控制器的设计及实现.....................................................................163.3.1模糊控制器的设计步骤..................................................................173.4模糊控制与PID控制方法的比较........................................................243.4.2两者之间的联系..............................................................................24第4章模糊控制器的硬件设计......................................................................264.189C51型单片机模糊控制器的系统功能机硬件组成..........................264.1.1单片机模糊控制器的系统功能......................................................264.1.2单片机类型的选择..........................................................................274.289C51型单片机模糊控制器的硬件系统组成......................................274.2.189C51型单片机模糊控制器前向通道得设计...............................294.2.289C51型单片机模糊控制器后向通道得设计...............................304.289C51型单片机模糊控制器主程序结构..........................................314.389C51型单片机模糊控制器的算法程序..........................................32第5章电阻炉温度控制仿真..........................................................................345.1仿真工具MATLAB...............................................................................345.2模糊控制器的设计................