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GeorgeBernardShaw(1856-1950)&Mrs.Warren’sProfession萧伯纳和鲁迅，宋庆龄等合影G.B.SHAW(1856-1950)•AnIrishplaywright•WinneroftheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1925•AfterthoseofWilliamShakespeare,Shaw'splaysaresomeofthemostwidelyproducedinEnglishlanguagetheatre.borninDublin,thesonofacivilservant.irregulareducation,duetohisdislikeofanyorganizedtraining.Afterworkinginanestateagent'sofficeforawhile,movedtoLondonasayoungman(1876),whereheestablishedhimselfasaleadingmusicandtheatrecriticintheeightiesandninetiesandbecameaprominentmemberoftheFabianSociety,forwhichhecomposedmanypamphlets.beganhisliterarycareerasanovelist;asaferventadvocateofthenewtheatreofIbsen(TheQuintessenceofIbsenism,1891)hedecidedtowriteplaysinordertoillustratehiscriticismoftheEnglishstage.HisGrowthTheFabianSocietyisaBritishintellectualsocialistmovement,whosepurposeistoadvancetheprinciplesofSocialdemocracyviagradualistandreformist,ratherthanrevolutionarymeans.Itisbestknownforitsinitialground-breakingworkbeginninglateinthe19thcenturyandcontinuinguptoWorldWarI.ThesocietylaidmanyofthefoundationsoftheLabourPartyandsubsequentlyaffectedthepoliciesofstatesemergingfromthedecolonizationoftheBritishEmpire,especiallyIndia.TheFabianSocietybackHisFamily…•WhenGeorgeCarrShawdiedin1885,hischildrenandwifedidnotattendhisfuneral.•YoungShawandhistwosisterswerebroughtupmostlybyservants.•Shaw'smothereventuallyleftthefamilyhometoteachmusic,singing,inLondon.HisMarriage…•In1898ShawmarriedthewealthyCharlottePayne-Townshend.•Theysettledin1906intheHertfordshirevillageofAyotSt.Lawrence.•ShawremainedwithCharlotteuntilherdeath,althoughhewasoccasionallylinkedwithotherwomen.HisDeath•In1950,ShawfelloffaladderwhiletrimmingatreeonhispropertyoutsideofLondon,anddiedafewdayslaterofcomplicationsfromtheinjury,atage94.HisIdentitiesasaDramatist•Irishdramatist,literarycritic,asocialistspokesman,andaleadingfigureinthe20thcenturytheater.•Duringhislongcareer,Shawwroteover50plays.Hecontinuedtowritethemeveninhis90s.•Shawwasafreethinker,defenderofwomen'srights,andadvocateofequalityofincome.In1925hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiterature.Shawacceptedthehonorbutrefusedthemoney.TheIbsenandAristophanesInfluence…•TheNorwegianplaywrightHenrikIbsenhadagreatinfluenceonShaw'sthinking.•His'unpleasantplays',ideologicalattacksontheevilsofcapitalismandexplorationsofmoralandsocialproblems,werefollowedwithmoreentertainingbutasprincipledproductions.他吸收易卜生的社会问题剧和阿里斯托芬以来的欧洲喜剧传统创作了51部现实主义剧本。肖伯纳的剧作具有社会问题剧的特点。与易卜生一样，他善于在剧中安排讨论问题的场面，让争辩的双方讲清自己的观点，由观众作出判断。他的剧本不仅有丰富的内容，别出心裁的尝试而且语言引人入胜，充满幽默和机智。HisOtherIdentities…•Inhisearlyyears,heearnedalivingasacriticofmusic,art,andthetheatre.•Hehadbeenanactor.Sincethedaysofthesilentfilms,Shawhadbeenafanofmotion-picture.HealsoplayedinthefilmRosyRapture-ThePrideoftheBeauty(1914).HisOtherIdentities•Amanofmanycauses,Shawsupportedabolitionofprivateproperty,radicalchangeinthevotingsystem,campaignedforthesimplificationofspelling,andthereformoftheEnglishalphabet.•Asapublicspeaker,Shawgainedthestatusofoneofthemostsought-afteroratorsinEngland.HisMainWorks•Inhislongdramaticcareer,Shawwrotemorethan50plays.•1)Widowers’Houses•Oneofhisfamousworks.•hisfirstplay,writtenin1885,publishedin1892.•2)ThePhilanderer•asatireontheemancipatedwoman•3)Mrs.Wrren’sProfession•Hisanotherfamousplay.•Completedin1893,putonstageinLondonin1902•atreatmentofcommercializedvice.•wasrefusedperformancebythecensorsandmadethepeopleoutragedduetotheimmorality,prostitutionandincest.PlaysPleasantandUnpleasant(1898)•4)ArmsandtheMan(1894)•Reachedhisdramaticmaturity•Abrilliantsatireonmilitaryglory.•5)Candida(1897)•Aresolutionofatriangularsituation•byShaw’sidealwoman.•6)TheManofDestiny(1897)•Amock-heroicskitonNapoleon•7)YouNeverCanTell(1900)•Afarcialtreatmentofthenewwoman.HisMainWorks•8)ThreePlaysforPuritans(1900):•CaesarandCleopatra(Attackedtheillusionsofhistory);•TheDevil’sDisciple(attackedtheillusionsofromanticmorality)•9)JohnBull’sOtherIsland(1904)•InventedtheusualconceptionsofEnglishmanandIrishman:•Theformerisasoft-headedsentimentalist,•Thelatterisatypeofpracticalsense.HisMainWorks•10)ManandSuperman(1905)•Representedcourtshipasawarofthesexesandmanasthevictimofwoman,whoistheincarnation(化身)ofnature’spurposeandthewilltolive.•11)TheDoctor’sDilemma(1906)•Tiltedagainstthehumbugofmedicalpractice.•facetiouslyclassifiedasatragedybyShaw,isreallyacomedy•12)GettingMarried(1908)•Againstthepruderywhichconcealsthetruerelationofthesexes.HisMainWorks•13)Fanny’sFirstPlay(1911)•asatireondramaticcriticism•14)AndroclesandtheLion(1912)•AsatireonChristianmartyrdom(殉难).•15)SaintJoan(1923)•Oneofhismasterpieces•rewrotethewell-knownstoryoftheFrenchmaidenandextendsitfromtheMiddleAgestothepresent.HisMainWorks•16）Pygmalion(1912)•AstoryofkindofCinderella•derivedfromLatinpoetOvid'sstory•(intheMetamorphoses)aboutacharacternamedPygmalionwhofellinlovewithabeautifulivorystatueofawoman.•awittystudyofphoneticsaswellasaclevertreatmentofmiddle-classmoralityandclassdistinction,provedsomeofShaw'sgreatestsuccessesonthestage.HisMainWorks•Itisacombinationofthedramatic,thecomic,andthesocialcorrective