Unit4--Astronomy:-the-science-of-the-stars

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Ⅰ.词汇链条1.________n.链子;连锁;锁链2.________vi.&vt.乘;增加3.________n.气候4.________vi.&vt.碰撞;坠落5.________n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力6.________vi.&vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮n.漂浮物7.________n.系统;体系;制度8.________n.宗教;宗教信仰____________adj.宗教的;宗教信仰的chainmultiplyclimatecrashpullfloatsystemreligionreligious9.________n.学说;理论10.________adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的________n.激烈;猛烈;强烈11.____________n.大气层;气氛12.________prep.不同;不像________adv.不同地;不可能地________adv.可能地13.________adj.有害的________n.&vt.损害;伤害;害处________adj.无害的14.________vi.存在;生存__________n.存在;生存15.________n.迷;难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难_____________adj.令人迷惑的________adj.对……感到迷惑的theoryviolentviolenceatmosphereunlikeunlikelylikelyharmfulharmharmlessexistexistencepuzzlepuzzlingpuzzled16.________n.生物学__________n.生物学家17.________adj.温和的;文雅的________adv.温和地;文雅地;温柔地biologybiologistgentlegentlyⅡ.重点短语1.____________及时;终于2.____________下蛋3.____________产生;分娩4.______________轮到某人;接着5.______________阻止;制止6.cheerup_____________________7.nowthat____________8.breakout__________________9.watchout________________________10.pullup____________intimelayeggsgivebirthtoinone'sturnprevent...from感到高兴;感到振奋既然突发;爆发密切注视;当心;提防停车existin...存在于……existon...靠……为生Thereexists/existed...存在着……;有……comeintoexistence开始存在inexistence存在(1)Theideaexistsonlyinthemindsofpoets.这种想法是诗人才有的。[牛津](2)Thehostagesbreadandwaterforover5months.人质靠面包和水生存了5个多月。[朗文]existedonbeinapuzzle感到困惑puzzleout仔细思考;设法想出答案bepuzzledabout...对……感到迷惑(1)I'vebeensittingherepuzzlingaboutwhattodo.我一直坐在这里苦苦思索该怎么办。[朗文](2)Theteacherleftthechildrentototheproblemthemselves.老师让学生动脑筋自行寻找问题的答案。[牛津]puzzleouttheanswer(2)“Idon‘tunderstandwhatyouaresaying,”shesaid,witha________expressiononherface.(2012·济南一中阶段性考试)A.puzzlingB.puzzledC.puzzleD.puzzlement解析考查形容词作定语。apuzzledexpression“(对某事)感到迷惑的表情”,而apuzzlingexpression“令人迷惑的表情”。句意:“我不知道你在说什么。”她脸上带着(感到)迷惑的表情说道。答案Bpullapart拆散;拆开pullaway(汽车等)开走pulldown拆毁;摧毁pullin(车辆)进站;停靠pullout(车辆)驶出;退出pullup停车(1)Helpmemovethepiano,youpushandI'llpull.帮我搬动一下钢琴,你来推,我来拉。[朗文](2)Thecinemasheusedtovisit.她常去的那家电影院已经拆除了。[牛津]hadbeenpulleddown直通高考——看看高考怎么考(1)Then,afterWellman________himselfuptherope,Corbettwentdowntoremovethespikesandclimbedupagain.(2011·安徽卷·阅读理解C)解析此处句意为“然后,在Wellman顺着绳子爬上去(把自己拉上去)后,……”。答案pulledontime按时;准时innotime立刻;马上atnotime绝不atatime每次;一次atonetime一度;曾经attimes有时allthetime一直;始终(1)prevent/stop/keep...fromdoingsth意为“阻止……做某事”;在prevent/stop...fromdoingsth中的from在主动句中可以省略,而在被动句中不能省略。keep...fromdoingsth中的from在任何情况下都不能省略。(2)prevent/stop/keep...frombeingdone意为“阻止……被……”。(1)Laceyhasabackinjurythatmayplayingintomorrow'sgame.莱西背上受了伤,这可能使他打不了明天的比赛。[朗文](2)Nobodycanpreventus/ourgettingmarried.谁也阻止不了我们结婚。[牛津]preventhimfromcheersbup使某人高兴/振奋起来cheer...on为……加油Cheers!干杯!(1)He'llifyougethimabeer.给他杯啤酒,他的情绪就会好起来。[朗文](2)Youlookasthoughyouneedcheeringup.看起来你需要振作。[牛津]cheerup(2)—I'mthinkingofthetesttomorrow,I'mafraidIcan'tpassthistime.—________!(2012·河北冀州中学考试)A.GoaheadB.GoodluckC.NoproblemD.Cheerup解析考查情景交际。A项意为“做吧”,表示同意某人的要求或提议;B项意为“祝你好运”;C项意为“没问题”;D项意为“振作精神”。句意:——我正想着明天的考试,我担心这次过不了关。——打起精神来!答案Ddueto起因于;归因于becauseof因为,由于butfor要不是owingto因为;由于thanksto由于;幸亏onaccountof为了……的缘故nowthat/because/since/as/for辨析nowthat意为“既然;由于”,是固定短语,引导原因状语从句,that可以省略。because意为“因为”,引导原因状语从句,表示直接的或为人所不知的原因,强调从句含义。since意为“既然”,与nowthat意义相近,引导原因状语从句时,侧重主句含义。as意为“由于”,表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。for表“因为”时,是并列连词,引导一个分句,不能置于句首。(1)they'vegottoknoweachotheralittlebetter,theygetalongjustfine.由于彼此之间有了进一步的了解,他们相处得不错。[朗文](2)Now(that)you'vepassedyourtestyoucandriveonyourown.你驾驶考试既已合格,就可以自己开车了。[牛津]Nowthat直通高考——看看高考怎么考(1)________youarefamiliarwiththeauthor'sideas,tryreadingallthesectionsasquicklyasyoucan.(2012·沈阳二中阶段测试)A.NowthatB.EversinceC.SothatD.Aslongas解析考查状语从句引导词。nowthat“既然”;eversince“自从……以来”;sothat“结果;因此”;aslongas“只要”。句意:既然你熟悉这位作者的思路,那你就试着把所有的章节尽快读一下。答案Abreakaway(from)脱离;逃脱breakdown中止;分解;垮掉;(车辆等)抛锚breakoff中断;折断;突然停止breakup打碎;破碎;分裂;驱散breakin突然闯入;打断breakinto破门而入;突然开始breakthrough突围;突破(1)Fireduringthenight.夜间突然发生了火灾。[牛津](2)Theelevatorsinthisbuildingarealwaysbreakingdown.这幢楼里的电梯总出故障。[朗文]brokeout(2)Youcan'tpredicteverything.Oftenthingsdon't______asyouexpect.(2011·江西卷,35)A.runoutB.breakoutC.workoutD.putout解析考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“用完;耗尽”;B项意为“(战争、疾病等)爆发”;C项意为“产生结果;发展”;D项意为“扑灭;熄灭”。句意:你不可能预言一切。往往事情并不如你所愿。答案Cwatchoutfor...当心……;小心……watchover照顾;监督;保护keepwatch注视;监视beunderaclosewatch被严密监视(1)!There'sacarcoming.注意!有辆车开过来了。[朗文](2)Thestaffwereaskedtowatchoutforforgedbanknotes.已经要求职员留意伪钞。[牛津]Watchoutit用作形式主语,可以替代从句、不定式、动名词等,it置于句首,无意义,使句式结构更加平衡。常见it作形式主语的句型有:Itisstrange/obvious/true/possible/clear/likely...that...Itisapity/ashame/afact/awonder...that...Itissaid/thought/reported/decided/expected...that...Itisimportant/easy/hard/difficult/possible/necessary...forsbtodosthItisapity/ashame/apleasure/badmanners/one'sduty...forsbtodosthItiskind/nice/wise/brave/silly/polite/friendly...ofsbtodosth(1)youcouldn'tcome.你来不了,真遗憾。[朗文](2)It'spossible(forus)togetthereintime.(我们)不可能及时赶到那里。[牛津]It'sapity直通高考——看看高考怎么考(1)Itwasneverclear________themanhadn'treportedtheaccidentsooner.(2011·江苏卷,26)A.thatB.howC.whenD.why解析考查主语从句。这里的it是形式主语,真正的主语是“________themanhadn'treportedtheaccidentsooner.”根据句意,原句要表达的是“为什么这个老人没有立马报案这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