高三英语词汇归类

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高三英语词汇归类总复习纵观历届高考,从单项选择、完形填空、短文改错、单词拼写乃至阅读理解的考查无一不是对词汇的考查。到了高三,仅仅英语一科就有厚厚九本书(新版教材),两千多单词,数不清的习语搭配和同义词,加上复杂的语法、语音的确使英语复习显得很难而又漫无边际。怎样才能花较少的时间取得较大的复习效果?下面就历届高考词汇考查频繁的内容,从语法、习语、辨析和拼写等四方面将语音、词汇、语法和拼写融为一体,谈谈英语词汇的归类总复习。一、从用法上复习归纳词汇,过语法关英语词汇大多具有本身词义外,还有其语法功能,我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上,而要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点,从它们的用法上进行分类记忆。这样,既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关。1.宾语不同,意义也不同英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主要有:goondoing(继续干同一件事)goontodo(接着去干另一件事)stopdoingsth.(停止正在干的事)stoptodosth.(停下来去干某事)regretdoing(后悔干了某事)regrettodo(相当于besorrytodo)forget/rememberdoing(忘记/记得已做过的事)forget/remembertodo(忘记/记得要干的事)meandoing(意味着干…)meantodo(想干…)trydoing(尝试做)trytodo(设法做)(95高考)Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.“Well,nowIregret________that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone(92高考)Iusuallygotherebytrain.“Whynot___byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing2.都可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时,宾补要用不定式。如:Weforbidsmokinghere.(宾语)Weforbidyoutosmokehere.(宾补)Youareforbiddentosmokehere.(主补)(87高考)Theywouldnotallowhim__acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskinggoingC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing3.宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表被动意义),可与worth,worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如:Theroomrequirestobecleaned/cleaning.(85高考)Thissentenceneeds_____________.A.animprovementB.improveC.improvingD.improved4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,makeupone‘smind,used,beabout,beable,have等。如:hepretended__mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组只接动名词作宾语的词和词组mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,excape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feellike,lookforwardto,can\'thelp,keep(on),miss,beusedto,excuse,beworth,imagine,putoff,giveup等。如:(92高考)Iwouldappreciate___backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.youarecalling(87高考)Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch6.半系动词半系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有:表感观的系动词:look,sound,taste,smell,feel(这些词用形容词作表语),seem,appear表变化的系动词:become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依旧的系动词:remain,keep,stay,stand,lie,可带名词作表语的系动词:be,become,make,sound,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如:Heturnedteacher.)(91高考)Theseorangestaste____________.A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell7.含被动意味的动词有些动词,如sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull,clean,add,cook,等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连用时,要用主动形式表被动意义:Mypenwritessmoothly.我的笔好写。Oilburnseasily.油易燃烧。(88高考)Thatsuit_________over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostD.cost(97高考)Isthisraincoatyours?“No,mine____________therebehindthedoor.A.ishangingB.hashungC.hangsD.hungCanyouseethepicture___(挂)onthewall?8.具有两种形式的易混动词中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式,使用或考测时极易弄混。如:hang,hanged,hanged(绞死)hang,hung,hung(挂起)light,lit,lit(点燃,作谓语)light,lighted,lighted(过去分词作形容词用时,意谓燃烧着的,作定语)drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝,饮;过去分词作形容词同时,意谓醉的,drunk多作表语,drunken多作定语)sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;过去分词sunken作形容词用时,作定语)bear,bore,born(出生)bear,bore,borne(结果;生育)lie(撒谎),lied,lied,lyinglie(躺,卧,位于),lay,lain,lying(89高考)Doyouknowtheboy____underthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.layingD.lyingThewoman,whowasbornin1940,hasbornefivechildren.二、从搭配上复习归纳词汇,过习语关英语词汇的搭配十分活跃,复习时我们要把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词或介词、副词。我们可按下列方式进行对比归纳。1.常用的搭配活跃的名词常用的搭配较活跃的名词有:time,way,moment,means等。如time的搭配短语在中学教材中出现有:innotime(立刻,马上),ontime(按时),intime(及时、迟早),atatime(一次),behindthetimes(落伍),behindtime(不及时,晚点),atonetime(曾经),foratime(一度),atothertimes(其它时候,平素)attimes(有时候),atalltimes(一直,经常)(93高考)Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceed_____________.A.intimeBatontime─────C.ontimeD.atthesametime(94高考)Don'tallspeakatonce!__,please.A.EachatontimeB.OnebyonetimeC.OneforeachtimeD.Oneatatime────────2.常用的搭配活跃的动词常用的搭配活跃的动词有:look,take,make,give,get,have,go,do,turn,put,set,come等。复习时我们要尽量将具有相反意义的介词、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起对比记忆,如turn一词:turnon(打开),turnoff(关上),turnup(放大音量等;出现),turndown(放小音量等;拒绝),turnin(上交),turnagainst(反对),turnout(生产),turnaway(避开)(81高考)Wouldyoumind____yourradioalittle?A.turnoffB.turningoffC.toturndownD.turningdown(92高考)Readerscan___quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.A.getoverB.getoutofC.getalongD.getoff3.常用的搭配活跃的介词、副词搭配活跃的介词、副词有:in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。复习时,我们要从不同动词、名词等与同一介词、副词搭配进行逐一过关,如on的搭配有:①on与动词的搭配geton(上车/船等),liveon(以…为生),feedon(以…为生),takeon(接受;雇用),turnonlookon(旁观)spyon(侦察/窥探),callon(号召;拜访)goon(继续)haveon(穿戴),dependon(依靠),waiton(侍候),carryon(执行),holdon(坚持),insiston(坚持),playtr-ickson(戏弄),fixon(注视),impresson(留下印象)②on与名词搭配(注意冠词的取舍)onduty(值班),onbusiness(因公;因事),onfire(燃烧),onshow(展览),ontime(准时),onstrike(罢工),onwatch(监视,观察),onsale(出售;大减价),onearth(到底,究竟),onjourney(旅游),onfoot(步行),onpurpose(故意),ontheway(在路上),onthecontrary(相反),ononehand(一方面),ontheright(在右边),onthewhole(总而言之),onone\'sown(独自),onone\'sside(支持,站在某一方),onholiday/leave(度假/请假)③其它情况lateron(后来),fromnow/thenon(从现在/那时起),onaccountof(由于,因为)(93高考)Weofferedhimourcongratulations_______hispassingthecollegeen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