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1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语㈠主语（subject）表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事物。•Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.•Shewentoutinahurry.•Fourplusfouriseight.•Toseeistobelieve.•Smokingisbadforhealth.•Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.•Whathehassaidistrue.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（主语从句）找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（不定式）（句子）(名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）㈡谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样。•简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成•Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?•Helookedaftertwoorphans.•复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;•HecanspeakEnglishwell.•Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancingShowyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名词）(代词）(数词)(名词化的形容词)(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语（不定式）（动名词）（句子）•宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.•Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.（四）表语在系动词后的部分就是表语,用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.1.Timeisprecious.2.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.3.Thatremainsapuzzle.4.Idon’tfeelatease.5.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（不定式）（形容词）（动名词）（副词）（介词短语）（表语从句）（名词）系动词1）状态系动词（be动词）例如：Heisateacher.（is与表语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词keep,rest,remain,stay,stand例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.他看起来很累。4）感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布手感很软。5）变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他疯了。6）终止系动词prove,turnout,表达“证实”，“变成”之意例如：Therumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句•Heisacleverboy.•Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.•Thereare54studentsinourclass.•Doyouknownbetty’ssister?•Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.•Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(现在分词)(过去分词)定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。•Iwillbebackinawhile.•Theyareplayingontheplayground.•Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.•HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.•Iwaitedtoseeyou.•Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.•Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.•Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.•Thisbookisveryinteresting.•Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.•（让步）（方式）（目的）（结果）（原因）（地点）（时间）（程度）（条件）（结果）•HisfathernamedhimDongming.•Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.•Letthefreshairin.•Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.•Wesawherenteringtheroom.•Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.（名词）（不定式）（现在分词）（介词短语）（副词）（形容词）翻译的一般顺序：主+谓+宾+宾补+状。注意：1、定语的位置不确定，它修饰哪个词就放在哪个词的前或后（短语或句子作定语放后）。-2、状语在被强调时可放前。3、谓语要考虑时态、语态及三人称单复数等。练习说出下列划线部分单词或词组在句子中各充当什么成分1.Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.2.Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.3.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.4.Hebrokeapieceofglass.5.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.主谓语宾语定语主语谓语谓语谓语主主主定语宾语宾语状语定语宾语表语1.Thesunrisesintheeast.2.Thepolicereceivedacall,whichsaidBillhadleftforWaterbridge3.Ihavealotofclothestowash.4.Tobeawinner,youshouldtryyourbest.5.Somefarmerssawsomethingstrangeinthesky.定语状语定语定语谓语6.Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.7.ThechildrendecidetocleantheirschoolyardthisFridayafternoon.8.Wecanhardlybelievethatyoulearntodancesoquickly.9.Thechildrenstoodinacircleanddancedtomusic.状语状语状语宾语