中考英语名词专项复习

1中考英语名词专题复习名词分为：普通名词、专有名词和复合名词名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。普通名词可数名词个体名词：chair，book集体名词：people，family不可数名词物质名词：rain，ice，sunshine抽象名词：love，knowledge专有名词：1.表示人名如：JimKateLiLeiMissGao2.表示地名:如:ChinaUSAEnglandBeijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：SundayMondayTuesdayJanuaryFebruary4.表示中外节日：国际性节日:NewYearMayDayChildren’sDayWomen’sDay中国节日:SpringFestivalMid-autumnDayNationalDay西方节日:ChristmasDayEaster(复活节）Father’sDayMother’sDaySaintValentine’sDay(情人节)5.机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如:CCTVUNWTOPLAPRCUFOBBCSOSUNITNBAIQEQPERMBVIP1.drink---coffee,milk,tea…2.food---rice,bread,meat…porridge,tofu,…3.sugar,salt,pepper,butter…4.weather---rain,snow,ice,cloud,wind…5.cotton,silk,wool,mental,paper,wood,glass,plastic可数名词单数一般可用a，an，one来修饰注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前*abook，*anEnglishbook，*anhour。名词的复数形式规则变化(1)一般在复数名词后加“s”dog–dogsbook–books2(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”box–boxeswatch–watchesbus--buses(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”country–countriesfactory–factories请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加“s”boy–boysholiday-holidaysmonkey–monkeys(4)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加“es”half–halvesshelf–shelvesknife–knivesleaf–leaves特殊:belief---beliefsroof---roofs(5)以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.potato，tomato，hero除外*piano–pianos*zoo–zoosradio-radiosbamboo--bamboos2.不规则变化(1)单复数同形fish–fishJapanese–JapaneseChinese-Chinesesheep–sheep(2)变元音字母oo为eetooth–teethfoot–feet(3).变man为menman–menwoman–womenpoliceman–policemenFrenchman–Frenchmen请区别：German(德国人)–Germans(“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面)(4).常以复数形式出现的名词peopleclothesshoestrousersglasses这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数*Myclothesarenewerthanyours.3.可数名词可以被a,an,one,two以及howmany，many，afew，few，any，lotsof,alotof，some等修饰*Thereareafewpeopleinthepark.*Howmanyknivesarethereinyourpencil-box?1.Several_____aretalkingunderthetree．Andtheyaretalkingabout______.A．woman;childrenB．woman;childC．women;children2.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child3.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies4.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knivesD.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，Germans★不可数名词3物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如:water，rice，fish，meat等。workchalktimespacemusicmoneyweatherhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数Somebreadisoverthere.Nonewsisgoodnews.2.不可数名词不能被a,an,one,two等修饰，常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,some,any，plentyof等修饰Theyhadmuchmoney.Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.*arice(X)twobread(X)3.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯)work(工作)–awork(著作)time(时间)–times(次数)练习①.Pleasegiveme______paper.A.oneB.apiecesC.apieceD.apieceof②.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass③.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks④.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,few当people,class,family,team,group,public,police等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。e.gTheclassarewaitingforher.Tom’sfamily_____ratherbig.Tom’sfamily_________filmfans.news,maths,politics表示单数意义，动词用单数。e.gThenewsmakesherveryhappy.Maths___noteasyforhim.名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系“…的”一.名词所有格的构成方法1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“’s”Kangkang’sfatherLucy’sbook2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“’”即可Teachers’officeTheGreens’house3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”*Children’sDay*men’sshoes4.无生命名词的所有关系用of*apictureoftheclassroom加名词，构成所属关系的短语4*thecolorofthewall5.双重所有格,of+名词性物主代词/名词后加”’s”，AphotoofMary’sJune1stis____Day.AlltheChildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.Childrens’C.Children’sD.ChildThetwobedroomarethe____.A.twinsB.twin’sC.twins’D.twins6.如果事物为2人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-’s;如果事物不是2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在2个名词后都加-’s.Lucyis____sister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary’sandJack’sC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJack’s.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生命的东西，也可以加-‘s构成所有格It’s____fromourschooltomyhome.A.tenminutes’walkB.tenminute’swalkC.tenminutewalkD.tenminuteswalk1广东的省会thecapitalofGuangdong2教室的门thedoorsoftheclassroom3我父亲的一个朋友afriendofmyfather’s4他的两个兄弟twobrothersofhis5爱迪生的一些发明someinventionsofEdison’s6他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)apictureofhisbrother’s7他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟)apictureofhisbrother1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数*Therearethreebananatreesoverthere.2.manwoman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致*Weneedamanteacher.*Theyareallwomenworkers.3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式*asportsstar*aclothesshop练习Ourhospitalneedstwo___doctors,Mrs.Li.Youcanaskyoursontohaveatry.A.womenB.manC.womanD.menOurhospitalneedstwo___doctors,Mrs.Li.Youcanaskyoursontohaveatry.A.womenB.manC.womanD.men名词所有格的几个注意点可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略*myaunt’s(home）(我姑姑家）*gototheteachers’(office）(去老师办公室）Gotothedoctor’s5练习题1、—Isittruethatsomecolorscanmakeusfeelrelaxed?—Yes.Colorsdohavethe______tochangeourfeelingsandmoods.A．secretB．powerC．ideaD．experience2、Inwesterncountries,________arethrownawayeachday.A.mountainsofrubbishB.mountainsofrubbishesC.alotofrubbishD.alotofrubbishes3、–Howsoonshallwestartthebicycletrip?--_________.A.Infiveday’stimeB.Infivedays’timeC.InfivedaystimeD.Forfivedays4、Doyouhaveany________and________forlunch?A.chicken;tomatoesB.chicken;tomatoC.chickens;tomatoesD.chickens;tomato5、What________willglobalwarmi