滨海红树林宜林地选择过程中的生态工程问题

1,2,1,2,**,1,2E-mail:[e-mail][1][1][2]200303840073502Z20021046**[3]2050904068.7%[4]6060-7070-80808074[5~22]90%-95%2000680[23]200220106hm22001558848.2hm2[24]209050%20%[25][26][28][23,,27,29]3.1()()(,)[2][30]~1[31]10-50m[32][32][33,34][35][25,28,31,36][1][37],[38]27º25¹N[39][40~43][26]1998[1]4[44]1850hm230-40%[45]100%[46][44][47][48,49][50][51][50]Spilonotasp.[52][53][54][30][55,56][57][58,59]ADH[60]RuBPCO[34,61](Tr)(gs)WUE[62][59][34,57,63]SODPOD[59]CH4FeS[59]Watson1928deHaan1931Watson[64]19950[27]1997130cm22cm105cm25cm[36]8-9h1.5m[37]1001m80%100%Chen2~4h8h8[57]1~1.5[7]5cm5.3Riley(RileyEncasedMethodology)[65]1998~30cm5.5,[48][48][27][25,28,31,36][37,57][1][M]1997[2][J]1997173258-265[3]21[M]199630-35[4][M]2000[5][J]20012191427-1437[6][7][J]200116129-36[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][J]19958167-72[17][M]2001[18][A]pp173-1811995[19][A]pp499-5041997[20][J]199392143-146[21][J]200341-4[22][M]19955-27[23][J]200130273-7581[24][25][J]200019534-540[26][J]19964(29)30-34[27][A]pp164-1721995[28][M]19951-95[29][J]200120(1,2)25-31[30][M]1984-16[31][J]199783240-244[32][J]1999141-43[33]Parkinson,R.W.,DeLaune,R.D.,White,J.R..Holocenesea-levelriseandthefateofmangroveforestswithinthewiderCaribbeanregion[J].JCoastalRes.1994,10:1077-1086.[34]Ellison,A.M.,Farnsworth,E.J..Simulatedsealevelchangealtersanatomy,physiology,growth,andreproductionofredmangrove(RhizophoramangleL.)[J].Oecologia.,1997,112:435-446.[35][J]1999211-16[36][A]1997479-486[37][M]2002[38][J]200325178-85[39][J]1984232232-239[40][J]1994332249-252[41][J]199786561-565[42][J]199822160-67[43][J]1998173324-329[44][J]1998114370376[45][J]200445-6[46][J]19929258~62[47][J]200120140-45[48][J]1995113&437-42[49][J]200423164~68[50],,,,[J]()200140388-91[51][J]200123286-89[52][J]198153177-186[53][A]1995153-160[54][J]20035633-38[55]Ashord,A.E.,Allaways,W.G..ThereisacontinuumofgasspaceinyoungplantsofAvicenniamarina[J].Mar.Ecol.Progr.Ser..1995,295:5-11.[56]Allaways,W.G.,Curran,M.,Hollington,L.M.,Ricketts,M.C.,Skelton,N.J..GasspaceandoxygenexchangeinrootsofAvicenniamarina(Forssk.)Vierh.var.australasica(Walp.)MoldenkeexN.C.Duke,theGreymangrove[J].WelandsEcologyandManagement,2001,9:211-218.[57]Chen,L.Z.,Wang,W.Q.,Lin,P..InfluenceofwaterloggingtimeonthegrowthofKandeliacandelseedlings[J].ActaOceano.Sinica.,2004,23(1),149-158.[58]McKee,K.L..Growthandphysiologicalresponesofneotropicalmangrovesseedlingstorootzonehypoxia[J].:883-889.[59]Ye,Y.,Tam,N.F.Y.,Wong,Y.S.,Lu,C.Y..Growthandphysiologicalresponsesoftwomangrovespecies(BruguieragymnorrhizaandKandeliacandel)towaterlogging[J].Environ.Exp.Bot.,2003,49:209-221.[60]Akhtar,J.,Gorham,J.,Qureshi,R.H.,Aslam,M..Doestoleranceofwheattosalinityandhypoxiacorrelatewithrootdehydrogenaseactivitiesofaerenchymaformation[J].PlantandSoil.,1998,201:275-284.[61]Pezeshki,S.R.,Delaune,R.D.,Meeder,J.F..CarbonassimilationandbiomasspartitioninginAvicenniagerminansandRhizophoramangleseedlingsinresponsetosoilredoxconditions[J].Environ.Exp.Bot.,1997,37:161-171.[62]Naidoo,G.,Rogalla,H.,Von-Willert,D.J..Gasexchangeresponsesofamangrovespecies,Avicenniamarina,towaterloggedanddrainedconditions[J].Hydrobiologia,1997,352:39-47.[63]Clarke,L.D.,Hannon,N.J..ThemangroveandmarshcommunitiesoftheSydneydistrict.IIIPlantgrowthinrelationtosalinityandwaterlogging[J].J.Ecol.,1970,58:351-369.[64]SnedakerS.C.,SnedakerJ.G..Themangroveecosystem:researchmethods[M].UnescoPress,UK,1984.[65]RileyRW.,SalgadoKentCP..Rileyencasedmethodology:principlesandprocessesofmangrovehabitatcreationandrestoration[J].MangrovesandSaltMarshes,1999,3(4):207-213.**,WangWenqin121.SchoolofLifeSciences,XiamenUniversity,Xiamen,361005,ChinaResearchCentreforWetlandsandEcologicalEngineering,XiamenUniversity,Xiamen,361005,China)AbstractMangroveecosystemshavebeengreatlydamagedsince1960s.ItisanurgentlyneedformangrovesforestationinChina.Duringthecourseofmangrovesrestorationandforestation,thesurvivalratesofmangroveseedlingswerestilllow.Theoverviewdiscussedthe8factorsaffectedthesurvivalrates,andtheplantabletidalflatsandthethresholdofwaterloggingtimeofmangrovesseedlings.Thedifferentinundationclassesofmangroveandthecriticaltidallevelfitsformangrovesforestationweresummarized.Methodstoelevatethetidalflatsanddecreasingthetidalwaterloggingtimewerediscussed.Theoverviewsummarizedthatthevitalofmangrovesforestationwashowtodeterminetheoptimaltidallevelan