学习必备欢迎下载三把钥匙揭密非谓语动词济源四中英语组杨艳霞非谓语动词始终是中学英语教学的重头戏,亦是历届高考单项填空和改错试题中不可或缺的一部分。2007年高考全国各地18套试题中,考查非谓语动词的多达31小题,绝大多数试题中2个小题,全国卷Ⅰ4小题和上海卷中3个小题,直接考查了非谓语用法。可见非谓语在高考试题中的举足之位。纵览近几年试题,不难发现各地试题对非谓语考查的点阵布局:对作主语、表语的非谓语用法考查较少,而对作宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和分词独立主格的考查较多,2007年18套试题共4小题考察了分词独立主格。2007年非谓语动词试题难度适中,没有太多结构复杂、句意难懂的长句子,更多采用了富于交际给人以亲切感的鲜活语言,一改传统试题生搬硬套的语法之味道。我们预测,2008年高考对非谓语动词考查的比重、难度、风格等和2007年相比不会有太大差别。※解题钥匙钥匙一表示主动、进行用–ing,表示被动、完成用–ed,表示将来用不定式。【例1】﹙2007·福建﹚26.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork_____mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilled【解析】句意:脑子中装着这么多工作,我几乎累垮了。很多考生会误选A项,因受类似于Theroomwasfilledwithsmoke句式的影响,却不知可以这样说Smokefilledtheroom;filling由muchwork发出属主动关系,且体现工作一直装在脑子中这一进行状态。C项表示将来,D项表示被动进行,均不符合句意要求。【答案】B【例2】﹙2007·上海﹚36.TheTownHall______inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.A.tobecompletedB.havingbeencompletedC.completedD.beingcompleted【解析】因theTownHall已被建成,故不少考生满有理由地选择B项,误以为C项不足以表达完成之意;havingbeendone和时段连用可作非限制性后置定语,如Theproblem,havingbeendiscussedforyears,hasbeensolved。A项和D项分别表示将来和进学习必备欢迎下载行,与句中过去时间矛盾,没有建成之意。【答案】C规律小结首先掌握非谓语动词的基本语法功能。在成份上,非谓语动词大都可在句子中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语,过去分词一般不作主语和宾语。分词的完成式即havingdone和havingbeendone一般只作状语,不作定语,如果作定语仅作非限制性后置定语。在时态上,现在分词表示进行,过去分词表示完成,不定式一般意味着将来;在概念上,动名词表示抽象、经常和习惯,不定时表示具体、偶然和将来。钥匙二交际是目的,句意是关键,非谓语动词的时态、语态变化最终由句意来敲定。【例3】﹙2007·浙江﹚20.______byagreaterdemandforvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.A.DrivenB.BeingdrivenC.TodriveD.Havingdriven【解析】句意:由于(市场)需求大量的蔬菜,农民已增建了更多的温室大棚。drive意为“驱使、迫使”,原句可转化为Astheyaredrivenbyagreaterdemandforvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses。尽管drive动作发生在过去,现在仍起作用,但不强调进行,只强调原因,故舍去B项。我们不妨联想Givenmoretime,I’lldotheworkbetter,分词短语作状语时,一般用done不用beingdone,这是学生学习分词时的一个难点,总是误以为不用be的某种形式便不足以表示被动。C、D项表主动,不符合被动要求。【答案】A【例4】(2007·陕西)15._____thatshedidn’tdoagoodjob,Idon’tthinkIamablerthanher.A.TohavesaidB.HavingsaidC.TosayD.Saying【解析】句意:我说他工作做的不好,并不是说我比他更能干。该题主要考查分词的时态,根据thatshedidn’tdoagoodjob可判断已经说过,A、C、D项不表完成,故不选。【答案】B规律小结理解非谓语动词的变形即时态、语态、否定变化等。时态变化的参照物是句子主要学习必备欢迎下载谓语动词的时态,非谓语动词与谓语动词同步发生时用一般式,先于谓语动词时用完成式,强调在谓语动词动作发生时正在进行就用进行式。非谓语动词的语态由和句子主语的关系决定,非谓语动词的动作由主语发出用主动语态,由主语承受用被动语态。非谓语动词的否定式一律在其前加not,仅警示语用nodoing格式。钥匙三常规知识要储存,书到用时不恨少。【例5】(2007·江苏)28.—CanIsmokehere?—Sorry.Wedon’tallow______here.A.peoplesmokingB.peoplesmokeC.tosmokeD.smoking【解析】allow有两种用法:allowsbtodo和allowdoing,所以此题正确选项为D。【答案】D规律小结考生要想顺利圆满地完成高考中非谓语类试题,必须通过反复训练强化记忆非谓语动词的搭配习惯,关注以下几方面的内容。①与不定式连用的主要动词:affordtodo类,requestsbtodo类,provesth〔sth〕tobeadj.类,waitforsb〔sth〕todo类,have……do类,hear……do类,finditadj.todo类。②与-ing连用的主要动词:finishdoing类,lookforwardtodoing类,wastetimedoing类。③allowsbtodo和allowdoing类。④与-ing和不定式连用意义区别较大的一类动词:remember,forget,regret,try,stop,can’thelp,mean,need,want,require……⑤withsb〔sth〕doing〔done〕分词独立主格结构,这一版块切不可忽视,因它是学习的难点,也是今年考题的热点。⑥熟记作状语的分词短语generallyspeaking、judgingfrom……,作状语的不定式短语totellthetruth、tobeginwith……,具有连词功能的分词given﹙that﹚考虑到,鉴于,suppose﹝supposing﹞﹙that﹚假设,设想……另外,呼应法是做题的又一捷径,请观察下列句子中的非谓语的呼应。例一Fishingishisfavoritehobbyandcollectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure.例二Friendshipislikemoney,easiermadethankept.例三Theyseeyouassomethingofaworrier,designing学习必备欢迎下载problemswhichdon’texistandcrossingbridgeslongbeforeyoucometothem.※考点警示做好该类试题的技巧:①分析句子成份,抓准结构复杂句子的主语和谓语,确定非谓语动词的语法功能。②根据非谓语动词与句子主语、其逻辑主语的关系,决定非谓语动词的语态;再根据非谓语动词与句子谓语的时间关系,决定非谓语动词的时态。③将空缺的非谓语转化为相应的从句,或将省略结构补全,进一步确定非谓语动词的时态和语态。④将所选非谓语动词形式置入句中,确保句意通达,逻辑关系不矛盾。句法必须服务于句意,上述【例3】、【例4】便是最有力地说明。祝08考生金榜题名!※同步训练1.﹙07全国·I﹚25.-Thelastone____paysthemeal.-Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving2.﹙07全国·I﹚28.Weallknowthat,_______,thesituationwillgetworse.A.notifdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwithB.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullydealtwith3.﹙2007·全国I﹚29.Ismellsomething_______inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt4.﹙2007·全国II﹚12.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks_______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose5.﹙2007·天津﹚6.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,________inthenaturallightduringtheday.A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet6.﹙2007·上海﹚34.Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother’svoice______him.A.callingB.calledC.beingcalledD.tocall学习必备欢迎下载7.﹙2007·山东﹚26.Pleaseremain_______untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A.toseatB.tobeseatedC.seatingD.seated8.﹙2007·山东﹚33.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent_______attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched9.﹙2007·安徽﹚29.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork________,hegladlyacceptedit.A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinished10.﹙2007·湖南﹚29.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_________,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.movedBmovingC.tomoveD.beingmoved11.﹙2007·湖南﹚34.“Things_________nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.havelost12.﹙2007·江西﹚24.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere_______foraspaceflight.A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained13.﹙2007·四川﹚26.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow________h