组织行为学(英文版)第2章

weipingChapter2PersonalityandvalueInstructor:WeiPing(Elizabethwei)Department:BusinessAdministrationRequiredTextbook:EssentialsofOrganizationalBehavior”10thedition.byStephenP.RobbinsweipingChapter2PersonalityandvaluePart1PersonalityPart2ValueweipingPart1PersonalityWhatisPersonality?Asthesumofwaysinwhichanindividualreactstoandinteractswithothers.PersonalityDeterminantsHeredityEnvironmentweipingPersonalityTraitsTheMyers-BriggsTypeIndicator(MBTI)OneofthemostwidelyusedframeworksforclassifyingpersonalitiesClassificationsonfourscalesarecombinedfor16personalitytypes(INTJ,ESTJ,etc.)1.ExtrovertedorIntroverted(EorI)2.SensingorIntuitive(SorN)3.ThinkingorFeeling(TorF)4.PerceivingorJudging(PorJ)weipingTheBig-FiveModelExtroversionAgreeablenessConscientiousnessEmotionalstabilityOpennesstoexperienceweipingExtroversionComfortlevelwithrelationshipsweipingAgreeablenessPropensitytodefertoothersweipingConscientiousnessMeasureofreliabilityweipingEmotionalstabilityAbilitytowithstandstressweipingOpennesstoexperienceRangeofinterestsandfascinationwithnoveltyweipingMajorPersonalityAttributesInfluencingOBCoreSelf-EvaluationSelf-esteem—Individuals’degreeoflikingordislikingthemselvesandthedegreetowhichtheythinktheyareworthyorunworthyasaperson.Locusofcontrol-Beliefthatlifeiscontrolledbyoneselfvs.outsidersMachiavellianism–Degreetowhichanindividualispragmatic,maintainemotionaldistance,andbelievethatendscanjustifymeans.Self-monitoring–Apersonalitytraitthatmeasuresanindividual‘sabilitytoadjusthisorherbehaviortoexternal,situationalfactors.TypeApersonality-IncessantlystrugglingtoachievemoreRiskpropensity-Willingnesstotakechances.weipingMatchingpersonalitiesandjobs--six-personality-typesmodelTypePersonalitycharacteristicsSampleoccupationsRealistic:prefersphysicalactivitiesthatrequireskill,strength,andcoordination.Shy,genuine,persistent,stable,conforming,practicalMechanic,drillpressoperator,assembly-lineworker,farmerInvestigative:prefersactivitiesinvolvingthinking,organizing,andunderstandingAnalytical,original,curious,independentBiologist,economist,mathematician,newsreporterSocial:prefersactivitiesthatinvolvehelpinganddevelopingothersSociable,friendly,cooperative,understandingSocialworker,teacher,counselor,clinicalpsychologistConventional:prefersrule-regulated,orderly,andunambiguousactivitiesConforming,efficient,practical,unimaginative,inflexibleAccountant,corporatemanager,bankertellers,fileclerkEnterprising:prefersverbalactivitiesinwhichthereareopportunitiestoinfluenceothersandattainpowerSelf-confident,ambitious,energetic,domineeringLawyer,realestateagent,publicrelationsspecialist,smallbusinessmanagerArtistic:prefersambiguousandunsystematicactivitiesthatallowcreativeexpressionImaginative,disorderly,idealistic,emotional,impracticalPainter,musician,writer,interiordecoratorweipingPart2ValuesDefinitionBasicconvictions:“Specificmodesofconductorend-stateofexistencearepersonallyorsociallypreferabletoanoppositeorconversemodeofconductorend-stateofexistence.”weipingValueSystemsRepresentingaprioritizingofindividualvaluesIdentifiedbytherelativeimportanceindividualassignstovaluessuchas:Freedom--HonestyPleasure--ObedienceSelf-respect--EqualityweipingRokeachValueSurveyTerminalValuesDesirableend-statesofexistenceDesiredgoalstobeachievedduringlifetimeInstrumentalValuesMeansofachievingtheterminalvaluesweipingExamples:TerminalandInstrumentalValuesinRokeachValueSurveyTerminalValuesAcomfortablelife(aprosperouslife)Asenseofaccomplishment(lastingcontribution)Aworldofpeace(freeofwarandconflict)Aworldofbeauty(beautyofnatureandthearts)Equality(brotherhoodandequalopportunityforall)Familysecurity(takingcareoflovedones)Freedom(independence,freechoice)Happiness(contentedness)Innerharmony(freedomfrominnerconflict)Pleasure(anenjoyable,leisurelylife)Salvation(saved,eternallife)Socialrecognition(respect,admiration)Truefriendship(closecompanionship)InstrumentalValuesAmbitious(hardworking,aspiring)Capable(competent,effective)Cheerful(lighthearted,joyful)Clean(neat,tidy)Courageous(standingupforyourbeliefs)Helpful(workingforthewelfareofothers)Honest(sincere,truthful)Imaginative(daring,creative)Logical(consistent,rational)Loving(affectionate,tender)Obedient(dutiful,respectful)Polite(courteous,wellmannered)Responsible(dependable,reliable)weipingDominantValuesinToday’sWorkforceCohortEnteredtheWorkforceApproximateCurrentAgeDominantWorkValuesVeterans1950sorearly1965s65+Hardworking,conservative,conforming;loyaltytotheorganizationBoomers1965–198540–65Success,achievement,ambition,dislikeofauthority;loyaltytocareerXers1985–200030–40Work-lifebalance,team-oriented,dislikeofrules;loyaltytorelationshipsNexters2000topresentUnder30Confident,financialsuccess,self-reliantbutteamoriented;loyaltytobothselfandrelationshipsweipingValuesAcrossCulturesHofstede’sFrameworkforAssessingCulturesPowerdistanceIndividualismvs.collectivismMasculinityvs.femininityUncertaintyavoidanceLong-termvs.short-termorientationweipingGlobeFrameworkforAssessingCultures•Assertiveness•Futureorien