苯-氯苯连续精馏塔设计

学号：HEBEIUNITEDUNIVERSITY毕业设计说明书GRADUATEDESIGN设计题目：10000t/a苯-氯苯连续精馏塔设计学生姓名：专业班级：学院：指导教师：摘要I摘要氯苯作为一种重要的基本有机合成原料，在生产上应用广泛。本设计为一连续精馏塔，用来分离易挥发的苯和不易挥发的氯苯。本设计选用了效率、经济、安全等各个方面综合性能较好的内件产品，采用了板式精馏塔，塔板选用筛板。筛板塔结构简单，造价低；板上液面落差小，气体压强低，生产能力较大；气体分散均匀，传质效率较高。本设计主要完成了工艺计算和设备设计两方面的内容。工艺计算确定塔径为0.6m，塔总高度为8.266m。设备设计部分，确定筒体材料为16MnR，筒体名义厚度为8mm。标准椭圆型封头，公称直径为600mm，曲面高度175mm，直边高度为25mm，厚度为8mm；液体和气体进出口接管法兰都选用标准为HG20593-97的突面（RF）型板式平焊钢管制法兰(PL)；丝网除沫器选用SP型过滤网；本设计选用的是圆筒形裙座，直径为600mm。最后进行了筒体和封头的强度和稳定性计算，各手孔和接管的开孔补强计算。筒体的强度和稳定性以及水压试验的校核，通过校核，确定本设计的塔体壁厚、高度等在设计压力下均符合要求。关键词：氯苯；精馏；筛板塔AbstractIIAbstractChlorobenzeneasanimportantbasicorganicsynthesisrawmaterial,widelyusedinproduction.Thedesignforacontinuousdistillation,usedfortheseparationofvolatilebenzeneandlessvolatilechlorobenzene.Thedesignchoosestheintegratedproductofgoodsynthesizedfunctionwithefficiency,economic,securityandotheraspects.ItwillbebetterthatchoosingrectifyingtrayTowerandsieveastray.Thesievetowerhasmangadvantagessuchassimplestructureandlowprice,besidesliquiddroponthesurfaceofplateissmall.Ithasalowpressure,butalargercapacityofproduction.Atlastgasintowerspreadsevenlywithahigherefficiencyofmasstransfer.Thedesigncompletestheprocesscalculationwhichdefinesthatthetowerdiameteris600mmandtheoverallheightis8.266m,andequipmentdesignwhichdefinesthatthematerialofthebarrelis16MnRandthenominalthicknessis8mm.Thedesignselectedthestandardellipticheadswhosediameteris600mm,surfaceheightis175mm,andstraightflangeheightis25mm.ThepipingflangesofimportandexportofliquidandgasareallusedtheRFPFaccordingtoHG20593-97.ThewiremeshdemisterselectstheSPfilterscreen.Thisdesignusesacylindricalskirt,diameterof600mm.Thecylinderandtheheadstrengthandstabilitycalculation,thehandholeandovertheopeningBuqiangcalculation.Cylinderintensityandstabilityaswellashydrostatictestcheck,bycheck,determinethedesignofthewallthicknessofthetowerbody,heightunderpressuretomeettherequirementsindesign.Keywords:chlorobenzene,distillation,platecolumn目录1目录第1章绪论..........................................................11.1精馏塔国内外发展状况及现状.....................................11.2课题来源.......................................................11.3精馏原理.......................................................11.4塔设备概述.....................................................21.5氯苯简介.......................................................2第2章苯-氯苯分离精馏................................................42.1工艺流程.......................................................42.2设备选型.......................................................42.2.1塔设备的选型.............................................52.2.2塔板的类型与选择.........................................52.3操作条件的选择.................................................6第3章工艺计算.......................................................83.1计算准备.......................................................83.2精馏塔的物料衡算...............................................83.2.1原料液及塔顶、塔底产品的摩尔分率........................83.2.2原料及塔顶、塔底产品的平均摩尔质量.......................83.2.3物料衡算.................................................83.3塔板数的确定...................................................93.3.1理论板层数NT的求取......................................93.3.2实际板层数的求取........................................103.4精馏塔的工艺条件及有关物性数据的计算..........................113.4.1操作压力计算............................................113.4.2操作温度计算............................................113.4.3平均摩尔质量计算........................................123.4.4平均密度计算............................................123.4.5液体平均表面张力计算....................................143.4.6液体平均粘度计算........................................143.5精馏塔的塔体工艺尺寸的计算....................................153.5.1塔径的计算..............................................153.5.2精馏塔有效高度计算......................................18目录23.6塔板主要工艺尺寸的计算........................................183.6.1溢流装置计算............................................183.6.2塔板布置................................................213.7筛板的流体力学验算............................................233.7.1塔板压降................................................233.7.2液面落差................................................253.7.3液沫夹带................................................253.7.4漏液....................................................263.7.5液泛....................................................273.8塔板负荷性能图................................................273.8.1精馏段塔板负荷性能图....................................273.8.2提馏段塔板负荷性能图....................................31第4章筒体设计......................................................364.1材料选择......................................................364.1.1材料选择依据............................................364.1.2材料选择................................................374.2结构形式......................................................374.3筒体厚度确定..................................................374.3.1计算准备................................................374.3.2筒体厚度................................................38第5章封头设计......................................................395.1封头形式选择..............