姜利 广东外语外贸大学 英文学院

LanguageLearningStrategiesandTheirEffectsonTestPerformance-aStudyonChineseHighSchoolStudentsTakingNMETPresentedbyJiangLiTheFacultyofEnglishLanguageandCulture,GuangdongUniversityofForeignStudies姜利广东外语外贸大学英文学院e-mail:[e-mail]ion•GeneralIntroduction•Conceptualframework•Thestudy•ResultsanddiscussionResearchquestions•1.WhatarethecharacteristicsoflearningstrategiesemployedbyChinesehighschoolstudents?•2.Isthereanydifferenceintheuseoflearningstrategiesamonggroupswithdifferentproficiencylevels?Ifthereis,what?•3.Isthereanyrelationshipbetweenstudents’reportedlearningstrategiesandtheirtestperformance?Ifthereis,what?Hypotheses1.Studentsofhigherproficiencyreportedusinglearningstrategiesmorefrequentlythanthoseoflowerproficiency.2.Students’reportedlearningstrategieshavedirectpositivesubstantiverelationshipwiththeirNMETperformance.RebeccaOxford’sconceptualizationoflearningstrategiesDirectstrategiesI.MemorystrategiesII.CognitivestrategiesIII.CompensationstrategiesIndirectstrategiesI.MetacognitivestrategiesII.AffectivestrategiesIII.SocialstrategiesThestudy•395third-yearhighschoolstudents•StrategyInventoryforLanguageLearningversion7.0•ScoresfromtheNMETReliabilitiesforthequestionnaireCronbach’salphaItemNo.SampleSizeOverallSILL.945850395Memorystrategy.75069395Cognitivestrategy.862214395Compensationstrategy.56576395Metacognitivestrategy.88939395Affectivestrategy.70946395Socialstrategy.72376395FrequencyofreportedlearningstrategiesSILLAverageforeachcategoryCategoryNo.CategorynameAveragefrequencyofuseRankorderofusageAMemorystrategy2.9451medium5BCognitivestrategy3.1322medium3CCompensationstrategy3.2772medium1DMetacognitivestrategy3.2155medium2FAffectivestrategy2.9093medium6GSocialstrategy2.9819medium4OverallSILL3.0861medium11strategiesusedfrequently•Item18阅读英语时，我先速读，以了解主要内容，再从头细读。•Item22阅读时，我避免逐词翻译。•Item24遇到不熟悉的英语单词时，我就猜它的意思。•Item27阅读时，我不会每遇生词就查词典。•Item29当我想不出英语单词时，我就用它的同义词或词组代替。•Item31我认真留心自己在英语学习中犯的错误，以便改正和提高。•Item32别人说英语时，我很注意听。•Item38我回顾自己在英语学习上的进步。•Item39每当感到害怕使用英语时，我也尽量放松不紧张。•Item45在英语对话中听不懂时，我就请对方说慢一点或重复一遍。•Item49我问英语学习中的问题。31strategiesusedmoderately•Item1学英语生词时，我将新学的与已学的联系起来。•Item2我将英语生词使用在句子中，以加深记忆。•Item3为了帮助记忆，我将生词的发音与它相关的图画联想起来。•Item4我想象可能使用生词的情景来记忆该单词。•Item5我按发音归类记忆英语生词（如ice和rice，get和jet）。•Item8我经常复习英语。•Item9我按英语生词或短语出现在书中或黑板上的位置来记忆。•Item10我模仿外国人的发音和说话方式。•Item11为了更好的记忆，我反复读写新学的英语单词。•Item12我练习英语的发音。•Item13我以多种方式使用所学的英语单词。•Item14为了提高口语，我主动用英语与人交谈。•Item15我看英语电视节目、英语电影或收听英语广播。•Item16我阅读英语并以此为乐。•Item19我注意英语同汉语的异同。•Item20我尝试找出英语的句型。•Item21我把英语生词分解成为几个我认得的部分以理解它的意义。•Item23我总是概括所听到的和读到的英语。•Item25当我不知道合适的英语单词时，我就生造一个。•Item28在英语会话中，我会猜想对方下一句要说什么•Item30我尽可能多地以各种方式使用所学的英语。•Item33我探索更有效的英语学习方法。•Item34为了使自己有充裕的时间学习英语，我很好地安排自己的学习日程。•Item36课外我寻找各种机会广泛阅读英语。•Item37对于如何提高自己的英语水平，我有明确的目标。•Item40即使害怕犯错，我也鼓励自己说英语。•Item41当我在英语学习中表现良好时，我给自己奖励。•Item42在听英语或说英语时，我注意自己的情绪是否紧张•Item46说英语时，我请对方纠正我的错误。•Item47我和其它同学一起练习英语•Item50我尽量学习有关英语国家的文化背景知识。8itemsusedinfrequently•Item6我使用单词卡片来背英语生词。•Item7我用身体动作来表现新学的单词．•Item17我主动地用英语记笔记、写信、写日记或留言。•Item26当我不知道合适的英语单词时，我就造一个。•Item35我寻找各种机会找人练习口语。•Item43我记下自己学习英语的心得和情绪。•Item44我和他人交流学习英语的体会和感受。•Item48我向讲英语的人寻求帮助。•DifferenceinuseoflearningstrategiesacrossproficiencygroupsANOVAresultsforoverallstrategyacrossproficiencygroupsSourceofVarianceSumOfSquaresdfMeanSquareFSig.OverallSILLBetweenGroups44124.874222062.43739.544.000total262827.934394posthocmultiplecomparisonsoflearningstrategiesacrossproficiencygroupsDependentVariable(I)Group(J)GroupMeandifferenceStd.errorSig.OverallSILLHighMiddle13.6414*3.3678.000Low37.0500*4.2775.000MiddleHigh-13.6414*3.3678.000Low23.4084*3.3230.000LowHigh-37.0500*4.2775.000Middle-23.4084*3.3230.000DependentVariable(I)Group(J)GroupMeandifferenceStd.errorSig.MemorystrategyHighMiddle1.2478.7321.235Low4.3403*.9299.000*MiddleHigh-1.2478.7321.235Low3.0925*.7224.000*LowHigh-.4303*.9299.000*Middle-3.0925*.7224.000*DependentVariable(I)Group(J)GroupMeandifferenceStd.errorSig.CognitivestrategyHighMiddle5.4245*1.0876.000Low12.9559*1.3814.000MiddleHigh-5.4245*1.0876.000Low7.5314*1.0731.000LowHigh-12.9559*1.3814.000Middle-7.5314*1.0731.000DependentVariable(I)Group(J)GroupMeandifferenceStd.errorSig.CompensationstrategyHighMiddle1.5621*.4462.002Low3.6554*.5668.000MiddleHigh-1.5621*.4462.002Low2.0933*.4403.000LowHigh-3.6554*.5668.000Middle-2.0933*.4403.000DependentVariable(I)Group(J)GroupMeandifferenceStd.errorSig.MetacognitivestrategyHighMiddle3.0593*.8267.001Low8.5774*1.0500.000MiddleHigh-3.0593*.8267.001Low5.5181*.8157.000LowHigh-8.5774*1.0500.000Middle-5.5181*.8157.000DependentVariable(I)Group(J)GroupMeandifferenceStd.errorSig.AffectivestrategyHighMiddle.6498.5092.444Low3.5796*.6448.000MiddleHigh.6498.5092.444Low2.9228*.5024.000LowHigh-3.5796*.6468.000Middle-2.9228*.5024.000DependentVariable(I)Group(J)GroupMeandifferenceStd.errorSig.SocialstrategyHighMiddle1.6980*.5289.006Low3.9414*.6718.000MiddleHigh-1.6980*.5289.006Low2.2434*.5219.000LowHigh-3.9414*.6718.000Middle-2.2434*.5219.000Summary•Proficiencylevelhadasignificanteffectoncognitive,compensation,metacognitiveandsocialstrat