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虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood(I)GRAMMER语法1.陈述语气Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.Jackhadn’tcomebackhomeyet.2.祈使语气Let’sgo.Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.一.语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。3.虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotothelibrarythisafternoon.条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。a.真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。(TheSubjunctiveMood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设,愿望,怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等。真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是如果的意思。时态关系句型:条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.Whatwillyoudoifitrainstomorrow?Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。如果我有一千万，我就能买一栋房子。我有一千万吗？没有。所以我仍然没有房子。如果我有翅膀，我就能飞。我有翅膀吗？没有。所以我也没办法飞。如果把整个太平洋的水倒出，也浇不熄我对你爱情的火。整个太平洋的水全部倒得出吗？不行。所以我并不爱你。——痞子蔡《第一次亲密接触》Iftherewerenoair,peoplewoulddie.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.IfIshouldbecome/became/weretobecomeabillionaireinthefuture,IwouldbuytwoBenzes.If条件句：(特点---时态往过去推)Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould…IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.条件句主句过去haddonewouldhavedone现在did/werewoulddoif条件从句中的虚拟语气将来weretowoulddoshouldwere/did关于虚拟语气辩析一.If条件句：1.现在情况的虚拟(Ifsb.were/did…,sbwoulddo…)Completethefollowingsentences:1)IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.2)IfIwereasinger,Iwouldearnalotofmoney.2.过去情况的虚拟(Ifsb.haddone…,sbwouldhave…)1)IfIhadworkedharder,Iwouldhavedonebetterintheexam.2)Ifshehadmethim,shewouldhavefalleninlovewithhim.3)IfIhadn’tquarreledwithher,Iwouldn’thavelostafriend.•IfIweretogoabroad,Iwouldopenarestaurant.IfIshouldgoabroad,Iwould…IfIwentabroad,Iwould…3.将来情况的虚拟Ifsb.weretodo…Ifsb.shoulddo…Ifsb.did…sb.woulddo…WereIyou,…Shouldhefailintheexperiment…HadGeorgelearnedaboutChineseculture,…1)IfIwereyou,Iwouldaskhimaboutit.2)Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.3)IfGeorgehadleanedaboutChineseculture,hewouldn’thavewornagreenhat.4.省略if倒装的条件从句Tips:当从句中有were,had或should时，可把它们放在句首，省略if。_____badlyill,hewouldcometokeepyoucompany.A.Ifhewasn’tB.Ifheweren’tC.Weren’theD.Whenhewasn’t______yougotomorrow,Iwouldgowithyou.A.IfB.HadC.WouldD.Should主从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况。有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。eg.Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.IfyouhadpracticedspeakingEnglishmore,youwouldbeabletospeakitfluently.(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在）5.错综虚拟1)Ifhehadsetoutearlier,hewouldbehomenow.2)Ifyouhadtakenthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbemuchbetternow.3)Ifshehadn’ttrainedhard,she_________abletorunsofastnow.(notbe)4)IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,I____________whattodonow.(know)wouldn’tbewouldknowWithouthim,wewouldhavebeenthereearlier.Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavemadeit.Butforyourhelp,wecouldnothavefinishedthejobbeforethedeadline.Lindagaveuphalfway.Otherwiseshewouldhaveachievedhergoal.6.隐性条件句“Itisimportant（strange/natural/necessary/vital/urgent/imperative/natural/essential/desirable/）that…(should)+V.原形”，表示某事“重要”，“奇怪”，“自然”，“必要”等意义。e.g.Itisimportantthateverymember(should)informhimselfoftheserules.Itisnecessarythathe(should)besentthereatonce.Itisdecided(hasbeendecided)thatthemeeting(should)bepostponedtilltomorrow.2.用于主语从句中•Itisnecessarythathe____________(take)agoodrestafterworkingforalongtime.•Itwasridiculousthathe________thatwayyesterday.•A.behavedB.shouldbehave•C.shallbehaveD.wouldbehave(should)take3.用于宾语从句二.Iwishthat…1.现在IwishthatIdid/were…2.过去IwishthatIhaddone…3.将来IwishthatIwoulddo…注意：Iwishthat…=Ifonly…IwishIwereastallasyou.IwishIwereabird.Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.Iwish/wishedIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。Thepartywasterrible,IwishIhadnevergonetoit.现在、朗读：《美国紫罗兰》1)IwishIcouldbreakallthechainsholdingme.2)IwishIknewhowitwouldfeeltobefree.3)IwishIcouldsayallthethingsthatIshouldsay.4)IwishIcouldshareallthelovethat’sinmyheart.5)Iwishyoucouldknowwhatitmeanstobeme.6)IwishIcouldgiveallI’mlongingtogive.7)IwishIcouldrelivelikeI’mlongingtolive.8)IwishIcoulddoallthethingsthatIcando.9)IwishIcouldbelikeabirdinthesky.过去：Iwishyouhadnottoldmeatall.IwishIhadneverbeenborn.《苔丝》IwishIhadusedcreditcardsmoresensibly.将来IwishIwouldbeafamousteacher.Manypeoplewishhewouldleaveourschool.Manystudentswishthattheywouldhavelesshomework.感受“ifonly…”LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyIhadtakenyouradvice.1）IfonlyI_______stayoutofschool.2）IfonlyI__________(go)tobedearlierlastnight.3）Ifonlythefinal-termexam_______(将)becancelled.couldhadgonewouldsbwould/coulddosbdid/weresbhaddone表过去表现在表将来wish,ifonly与虚拟语气三.wouldratherIwouldratheryou_______menow.(pay)I’dratheryou_____somehouseworkwhenyouarefree.(do)Don’tcomenow.Iwouldratheryou________tomorrow.(come)I’dratheryou________(call)meyesterday.wouldrathersbdid(现在，将来)sbhaddone(过去)paiddidcamehadcalled四.asif似乎，好像HespeaksEnglishsowellasifhewere/wasanEnglishman.Helookssopaleasifhehadseenamonster.结论：主从同时发生，从句用did/were.从句发生在前，从句用haddone.五.suggest/advise/order/request/demand/require…thatsb.(should)do…Theteachersuggestedthathomeworkshouldbefinishedquickly.比较：Hispalefac