虚拟语气

情况If从句动词主句动词与现在事实相反did(be用were)would/should/could/might+do与将来很可能事实相反didshoulddoweretodo与过去事实相反had+donewould/should/could/might+have+done虚拟语气在条件句中的用法1.我要是你，我就会告诉他真相了。IfIwereyou,Iwouldtellhimthetruth.2.如果他有足够的钱，他就去买一台电脑。Ifhehadenoughmoney,hewouldbuyacomputer.3.如果我听了你的建议，我就不会考试不及格了。IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavefailedintheexam.4.如果明天下雨的话，我们就会推迟运动会。Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rainedtomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.5.如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.wish+宾语从句情况从句动词与现在事实相反did(be用were)与过去事实相反had+done将来难以实现的愿望would/could/might+do1.Hewishedthathe(tell)himthebadnewsyesterday.2.IwhishI(be)tenyearsyounger.3.Thelastchancehasbeenlost.Howhewisheshe(have)anotherchance.hadn’ttoldwerewouldhave在表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语用should+do(should可省)一坚持：二命令：三建议：四要求：insist(坚决要求某人做某事)order,commandsuggest,propose,adviserequest,require,demand1.Thedoctoradvisedthathe(change)hisjob.2.Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathe(be)satisfiedwithourwork.3.Themaninsistedthathe(do)stealthemoney.(should)changewasdidn’t注：suggest表“暗示，表明”，insist表“坚持认为”时，不用虚拟。1.IfIwereabird,Icouldflyhighinthesky.2.Ifyouleftyourcaroutside,someonewouldstealit.3.Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeet.4.Ifyouhadcomefiveminutes虚拟语气在条件句中的用法1.IfI_____(be)you,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.1.与现在事实相反。2.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,you_________(be)finenow.2.与现在事实相反。一、动词填空werewouldbe5.IfIhadn’tattendedhighschool,I______________(be)astudentofanoccupationalschool.5.与过去事实相反。6._____(be)Itobeateacherinthefuture,firstofall,Iwouldtrymybesttogivestudentslessons,guidingthemintoacorrectdirectionandarousingtheirinterestinthesubjects.6.将来可能性不大的假设。wouldhavebeenWere3.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe________________(score)agoal.3.与过去事实相反。4.IfI____(have)amilliondollars,Iwouldfirstdonatesomeofthemoneytopoorchildreninremotemountainousareas.4.与现在事实相反。wouldhavescoredhad虚拟语气表示一个人所说的话不是发生的事或者是不大可能发生的事，只是表达说话者的愿望、建议或假设。请根据以上例句中虚拟条件句与主句的谓语动词的形式，完成下表：归纳总结情况虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形与将来很可能事实相反一般过去式或wereto+动词原形或should+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词另外，有时虚拟条件句与主句发生的时间不一致，就构成错综时间虚拟语气。如：BenJohnsonwouldstillbethe100metersworldrecordholdertodayifhehadnotbeencaughttakingdrugsinthe1988Olympics.本·约翰逊如果在1998年奥运会上没有被查出服用兴奋剂的话,今天他还可能是世界纪录的保持者。有时只有主句，不出现虚拟条件句，而是用without，with，butfor(要不是)等介词短语，或者用but，or，otherwise等副词或连词来表示虚拟条件，可称之为含蓄条件虚拟语气。如：Iwassobusythen；otherwise，Iwouldhavehelpedhim.我当时很忙，要不然，我会帮助他的。Wecouldn’thavefinisheditwithoutMary.如果没有玛丽，我们是不能按时完成这个工作的。Butfor(=ifithadnotbeenfor)yourhelp,Iwouldn’thavebeensuccessful.要是没有你的帮助,我就不会成功。熟读深思朗读下列句子,留意谓语的构成。1.IwishIwererich.我恨不得我很富有。2.IwishIcouldflylikeabird.但愿我像鸟一样能飞。几种特殊的虚拟语气3.Iwishyouhadn’ttoldmeallthis.我倒希望你当初别把这一切都告诉我。4.IwishIknewwhatwasgoingtohappeninthefuture.但愿我能知道将要发生什么事。5.IfonlyIcouldflylikeabird.要是我能像鸟一样能飞就好了。6.Ifonlytheywouldtellmewhatthey’vedecided.但愿他们能把决定告诉我。7.IfonlyIhadtakenheradvice.要是当时听取了她的建议就好了。8.LiMingspeaksEnglishasifhewereanAmerican.李明讲起英语来就像一个美国人似的。9.I’dratheryouknewthatnow,thanafterwards.与其以后让你知道,不如现在就让你知道。10.I’dratheryouhadn’ttoldmethetruth.我宁愿你没告诉我真相。11.Itisimportantthatstudents(should)attendallthelectures.所有的课学生都应该去听,这是很重要的12.Theyrequestedthatthemeeting(should)bepostponed.他们请求推迟开会。13.Itistimethatwemade/shoulddecideadecision.是作出决定的时候了。除if引导的条件句中可用虚拟语气表示与事实相反或不太可能的情况外,以下句型中的谓语动词也用虚拟语气,有的用过去式表示,有的用“(should+)动词原形”表示。1.wish后的宾语从句的谓语动词用过去式；2.ifonly引出的句子,其谓语动词用过去式;归纳总结3.asif/asthough引导的从句也时也用过去式表示虚拟语气。4.wouldrather(that)...后的从句谓语用过去式；5.itisimportant/necessary/strangethat..从句谓语用“(should+)动词原形”;6.order，insist，request，suggest等表示“命令、坚持、要求、建议”的词语之后的名词性从句中，其谓语用“(should+)动词原形”。suggest不表示“建议”,insist不表示“坚决要求(某人做某事)”时,谓语动词不用虚拟语气。注意：7.itis(high/about)timethat...从句中的谓语动词用过去式,也可用“should(不能省略)+动词原形”。7.IfI____________(happen)tobepresentatthescene,first,Iwouldhavecometohelptheinjuredandsenthimtothenearesthospitalordialed120forhelp.7.与过去事实相反的情况。8.Iftheinjuredhadbeenbleedingbadly，I_________________(stop)thebloodimmediatelyusingabandageorahandkerchiefifpossible.8.与过去事实相反。hadhappenedwouldhavestopped9.Ifshehadbeenwarnedearlier,she________________________(notbreak)therules.10.IwishI_________(see)heryesterday.11.Thedoctororderedthatshe________(stay)inbedforafewdays.wouldn’thavebrokenhadseen(should)stay12.Itisveryimportantthatyou_____________(master)theskillsofcomputer.13.Englishteachersgiveadvicethatwe____________(make)gooduseofeverychancetospeakEnglish.(should)make(should)master14.Itishightimethatwe_______________(take)somemeasurestoprotectthewildanimals.15.Iwouldrathershe______(come)tomorrow.took/shouldtakecame16.IfIweretenyearsyounger,I___________(start)alloveragain.17.HowIwisheveryfamily____(have)alargehousewithabeautifulgarden！startwouldhad18.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______(be)broken.19.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe________(be)ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_____________(have)amedicalexamination.shouldhavewerewas假如你是李华,你班很多同学经常在课余时间网上购物,浪费了许多宝贵时间。你在一次主题班会上发言,用自己的亲身经历劝告同学慎重网购。以下是发言内容：上周你在淘宝买了一部mp4但是三天后它就坏了。结果你建议卖家给你换一个新的或者退款,他拒