虚拟语气book6unit1

Learninggoals1.Knowwhatthesubjunctivemoodrefersto2.Knowthedifferentformsofthesubjunctivemood3.Masterthestructureofthesubjunctivemoodabout“if…”4.Dosomeexercisesaboutthe3thaim语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(常用在条件状语从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(常用在名词性从句中)。简言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生的事情，就用虚拟语气来表述虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的常考形式：1.if引导的虚拟条件句2.名词性从句3.固定句式4.情态动词表示虚拟5.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况a.if真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.if虚拟条件句表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。Q:What’sthedifferencebetweenthetwosentences?IfIamfree,Iwillvisityou.IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyintothesky.（虚拟条件句）(真实条件句）if引导的虚拟条件句①与现在事实相反②与过去事实相反③与将来事实可能相反if虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词一般用were)主语+would(should/might/could)＋动词原形1.IfIhadagreatdealofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla(别墅)formyparents.2.IfIweretheschoolmasterofGaochengNo.1Middleschool,Iwouldletthestudentsgetupalittlelatertogetabettersleep.即：If+一般过去时态（be动词一般用were)PairworkMakeasmanysentencesasyoucanwithyourpartnerusingthesentencepattern:IfIwere…..,Iwould……if虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句主句与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had+动词的过去分词1.IfYaoJiaxinhaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavecausedthecaraccidentinMay,2009.2.IfTomhadlearnthowtoswim,hewouldnothavebeentrappedonthatislandforfouryears.3.Ifhehadgotupearlier,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.即：If+过去完成时态主语+would(should/might/could)＋havedoneIfYaoJiaxinhaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavecausedthecaraccidentinMay,2009.与过去事实相反Ifhehadgotupearlier,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.与过去事实相反if虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句主句与将来事实相反的假设1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形主语+would(should/might/could)＋动词原形IfImet/weretomeet/shouldmeetObamasomeday,Iwouldshakehandswithhim.IfitwereSundaytomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?.IfIwon/shouldwin/weretowinthelottery(彩票)oneday,Iwould…Whatwouldyoudoifyouhad/shouldhave/weretohavealotofmoney?虚拟语气主从句的谓语形式时间If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去将来did/werehaddonewould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)1.Ifmyfather_____herenow,he______tellmewhattodo.A.were;wouldB.was;willC.hadbeen;wouldD.is;willExerciseA2.Ifhe__________myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollowExerciseC3.IfI_____inthe22ndcentury,I________myvacationinaverydifferentway.A.shouldlive;wouldspendB.willlive;shouldspendC.areliving;shouldhavespentD.willbeliving;wouldhavespentA注意以下问题：•1.错综时间虚拟条件句•2.(if省略)倒装虚拟条件句•3.含蓄条件句(without,butfor,or,otherwise)虚拟语气If型特例1：错综时间条件句定义：if虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.与过去相反动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．1.错综时间虚拟条件句即：if虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。1).Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）2).IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）3).Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）1.错综时间条件句if虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设与将来事实相反的假设1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词一般用were)主语+would(should/might/could)＋动词原形即：If+一般过去时态（be动词一般用were)If+主语+had+动词的过去分词即：If+过去完成时态主语+would(should/might/could)＋havedone主语+would(should/might/could)＋动词原形（4+1）2.在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有were,had（助动词）或should时，可使用倒装结构，但if必须省略。若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had等缩略成weren’t，shouldn’t，hadn’t置于句首。虚拟语气3.Ifyouhadnothelpedme，Ishouldhavefailed.2.Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.Practice:1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotdothat.WereIyou,Iwouldnotdothat.Shouldhefailedintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.Hadyounothelpedme,Ishouldhavefailed.(1)Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副词）(2)Hetelephonedtotellmeofyourbirthday,or/otherwiseIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（连词）直陈语气虚拟语气直陈语气虚拟语气3.含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。含蓄条件句(4)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.（独立主格）=Ifeverythinghadbeentakeninto(了解即可)consideration,…(3)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.（连词）直陈语气虚拟语气(5)用介词短语代替条件状语从句．常用的介词有with,without,butfor等。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.Butfortherain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.=Ifyouhadamilliondollars,whatwouldyoudo?=Ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp/Ifyouhadn’thelpedus,…=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain,…虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气4.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.WillExercisetomorrowB5.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I________thefirstprizeintheEnglishwritingcompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewonExerciseB6.IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955，thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry________soserious.A.wouldn’tbeB.willnothavebeenC.wouldn’thavebeenD.wouldhavenotbeenExercisenowin1955A7．－Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.－Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables_____.A.wouldn'tdieB.didn'tdieC.hadn'tdiedD.wouldn'thavediedExerciseDhadrainednow8.They____twofreeticketstoCanada，otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordto