“情态动词+havedone”的用法一、“must+have+done”•表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。•1.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.•昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。2.Youmusthavebeenmadtospeaktotheservant.你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。二、“can't+have+done”•表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。•1.Mr.Smithcan‘thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。•2.Marycan'thavestolenyourmoney.Shehasgonehome.玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。三、“can+have+done”•表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”。•1.Thereisnolightintheroom.Cantheyhavegoneout?屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?•2.Thereisnowheretofindthem.Wherecantheyhavegone?•到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?四、“could+have+done”•是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。••Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。五、“may+have+done”•表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。•—WhathashappenedtoGeorge?•—Idon'tknow.Hemayhavegotlost.•—乔治发生了什么事?•——我不知道,他可能迷路了。六、“might+have+done”•表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。•1.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasbusy.(MET90)•他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。•2.Shemighthaveachievedgreaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.•如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。七、“would+have+done”•虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会…”。•1.Iwouldhavetoldyouallabouttheboy'sstory,butyoudidn'taskme.•我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。•2.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thaveachievedsomuch.•没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩。八、“should+have+done”•意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。”“shouldn‘t+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。•1.Tom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.•汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。•2.Look,Tomiscrying.Ishouldn'thavebeensoharshonhim.•看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉。九、“oughtto+have+done”•表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。IoughttohavegonehomelastSunday.我理应上星期日回家。•Yououghtnottohavegivenhimmorehelp.•你不应该帮助他那么多。十、“need+have+done”•表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn‘t+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”•Ineedn‘thaveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.•我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人。•Heneedhavehurriedtothestation.Inthatcase,hewouldn'thavemissedthetrain.•他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。总结:•Can/couldhavedone“本来能够做而没做”•Can’t/couldn’thavedone“不可能做了…”•May/mighthavedone“可能做过…”•Musthavedone“肯定做了…”•Shouldhavedone“本来应该做…”(实际上没做)•=oughttohavedone•Shouldn’thavedone“本来不应该做…”(实际上做了)•=oughtnottohavedone•Needhavedone“本来需要做…”•Needn’thavedone“本来不需要做…”•Wouldhavedone“本来会…”•Wouldn’thavedone“本来不会…”•【经典考例1】Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I________thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.(2006江西)•A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetaken•C.needn'thavetakenD.mustn'thavetaken•【经典考例2】Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you________havecomethismorning.(2006陕西)•A.mayn'tB.can't•C.mustn'tD.needn't•1.Harry______havewonthePhysicscompetitioneasilyyesterday,buthegaveup.•A.couldB.mightC.should•D.must•2.Hepaidforaseat,whenhe______haveenteredfree.•A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need•Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.•A.mustn’thavespoken•B.mightn’thavespoken•C.couldn’thavespoken•D.shouldn’thavespoke•---Hi,isthatPeterBrown?•---Sorry.You______thewrongnumber.•A.mustdialB.musthavedialed•C.shoulddialD.shouldhavedialed•Heisnotpoor.You____havelenthimthemoney.•A.can’tB.needn’t•C.couldn’tD.mustn’t•Therewasplentyoftime.You___havehurried.•A.won’tB.mustn’t•C.needn’tD.couldn’t•I____hereintime,butImetanoldfriendofmine.Istoppedandtalkedwithhimforsometime.•A.shouldn’thavecome•B.musthavecome•C.needn’thavecome•D.couldhavecome•They____havefinishedtheworkyesterday,butitwasraininghard.•A.mustB.couldC.shouldn’tD.might•Something___tohim.(05江西22题)•A.musthappen•B.shouldhavehappened•C.couldhavehappened•D.musthavehappened•Ididn’thearthephone.I____asleep.(MET89)•A.mustbeB.musthavebeen•C.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen