“情态动词+havedone”的用法一、“must+have+done”•表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。•1.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。2.Youmusthavebeenmadtospeaktotheservant.你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。二、“can't+have+done”•表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。•1.Mr.Smithcan‘thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。•2.Marycan'thavestolenyourmoney.Shehasgonehome.玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。三、“can/could+have+done?”•表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”。•1.Thereisnolightintheroom.Can/couldtheyhavegoneout?屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?•2.Thereisnowheretofindthem.Wherecan/couldtheyhavegone?到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?四、“could+have+done.”•是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。••Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。五、“may+have+done.”•表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。•—WhathashappenedtoGeorge?•—Idon'tknow.Hemayhavegotlost.•—乔治发生了什么事?•——我不知道,他可能迷路了。六、“might+have+done.”•表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气-if主结构中。••1.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasbusy.(MET90)他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。•2.Shemighthaveachievedgreaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。七、“would+have+done”•虚拟语气(if主),表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”(if,otherwise,but,without,orelse,butfor)。•1.Iwouldhavetoldyouallabouttheboy'sstory,butyoudidn'taskme.我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。•2.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thaveachievedsomuch.没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩。八、“should(not)+have+done”•意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。”“shouldn’t+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。••1.Tom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。•2.Look,Tomiscrying.Ishouldn'thavebeensoharshonhim.看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉。九、“oughtto+have+done”•表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。IoughttohavegonehomelastSunday.我理应上星期日回家。•Yououghtnottohavegivenhimmorehelp.你不应该帮助他那么多。十、“need(not)+have+done”•表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn’t+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。•Ineedn’thaveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人。•Heneedhavehurriedtothestation.Inthatcase,hewouldn'thavemissedthetrain.他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。Compare:Therewasplentyoftime.Ineedn’thavehurried.(ButIhurried.)Therewasplentyoftime,soIdidn’tneedtohurry.(SoIdidn’thurry.)There’splentyoftime,soIneedn’thurry.(now)高考题•【经典考例1】Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I________thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.(2006江西)•A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetaken•C.needn'thavetakenD.mustn'thavetaken•【经典考例2】We________haveprovedgreatadventurers,butwehavedonethegreatestmarchevermadeinthepasttenyears.(2006天津)•A.needn'tB.maynot•C.shouldn'tD.mustn't•【经典考例3】Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you________havecomethismorning.(2006陕西)•A.mayn'tB.can't•C.mustn'tD.needn'tHecan’t/couldn’t/maynot/mightnothavegoneoutbecausethelight’son.(现在对过去的推测)Ithoughthecouldn’t/mightnothavegoneoutbecausethelightwason.(过去对过去之前的推测)Ithoughtitmightrain.(Itmayrain.)Iaskedifitcouldrain.(Canitrain?)(过去对过去将来的推测)Mywife’sinhospital—ourbabycould/may/mightarriveatanytime.(现在对将来的推测)—Whatdoyouthinkthatnoisewas?—Itmay/might/couldhavebeenacat.(现在对过去的推测)—Whatdoyouthinkthatnoiseis?—Itmay/might/couldbeacat.(≠can)(现在对现在的推测)Compare:—Wasthatthemanagerwhowalkedby?—Itmusthavebeen./No,itcan’thavebeen.—Isthatthepostmanwhoisknockingatthedoor?—Itmustbe./Itcan’tbe.Compare:Wedidn’texercisemuch,butwereallyoughttohave/shouldhave.Wedon’texercisemuch,butwereallyoughtto/should.(2)表示对过去所发生的事情的推测,意为“应该会”,“理应会”。It’seighto’clock.Heshouldhavearrivedhere(shouldbehere)bynow.