英语词汇学 Lecture 2

整理文档很辛苦,赏杯茶钱您下走!

免费阅读已结束,点击下载阅读编辑剩下 ...

阅读已结束,您可以下载文档离线阅读编辑

资源描述

Chapter1TheBasicConceptsofWordsandVocabulary词和词汇的基本概念Content1.Review2.Thedefinitionofaword3.Soundandformofaword4.Classificationofwords5.Exercise6.HomeworkI.Review•Therelationshipbetweenwordandvocabulary•Therelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningoftheword•TherelationshipbetweensoundandformofthewordII.TheDefinitionofaWord1.Defineawordinyourownwordsaccordingtothegivenwords:2.Differentdefinitionsofaword3.ThemainpointsofthedefinitionMan,fine,there,relationship,misfortune,management,blackmail,work,of,beautiful,well,him,since,etc.Suggesteddefinitionsofaword•Visualangle:ameaningfulgroupoflettersprintedorwrittenhorizontallyacrossapieceofpaper.•Spokenangle:asoundorcombinationofsoundswhicharemadevoluntarilywithhumanvocalequipment.•Tosemanticists:aunitofmeaning.•Togrammarians:afreeformthatcanfunctioninasentence.Summaryofthedefinition1.Aminimalfreeformofalanguage语言中的一个最小的自由形式2.Asoundunity一个声音单位3.Aunitofmeaning一个意义单位4.Aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence一个能在句中独立发挥作用的形式Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensound,meaningandsyntacticfunction.III.SoundandFormSoundFormBeconsistent?Causesofdifferencesbetweensoundandform:1.TheEnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRomans,anditdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachsoundinthelanguage.(罗马字母)2.Thelackofstabilizationofspellingbyprintinganddictionaryinthepast.(打印机和词典)3.BorrowingsintroducemanywordswhichareagainstEnglishrulesofpronunciationandspelling.(借词)Ⅳ.Classificationofwords•Basicwordstockandnonbasicvocabulary(byusefrequency)基本词汇和非基本词汇•Contentwordsandfunctionalwords(bynotion)实义词和功能词•Nativewordsandborrowedwords(byorigin)本族语词和借词Theobviouscharacteristicsofbasicwordstock:1.Allnationalcharacter(全民性)2.Stability(稳定性)3.Productivity(能产性)4.Polysemy(多义性)5.Collocability(搭配性)Nonbasicvocabulary•Terminology(专业术语)•Jargon(行话)•Slang(俚语)•Argot(隐语)•Dialectalwords(方言词)•Archaisms(古词语)•Neologisms(新词语)Archaismsthou----youye----pluralyouthou----subjectiveyouthee----objectiveyouthy----yourart----arehath----haswilt----willquoth----saidaught----anythingShallIcomparetheetoasummerday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.Roughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofmay,Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate.Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,我怎么能够将你比作夏天?你比夏天更美丽温婉。狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残,夏日的勾留何其短暂。唯有你永恒的夏日常新.Neologisms新词语microelectronicsfuturologydatabankmemorymousemonitorInternetAIDSBorrowings借词1.Denizens同化词2.Aliens非同化词3.TranslationLoans译借词4.SemanticLoans借义词1.Denizens同化词(1)DefinitionDenizensarewordsborrowedearlyinthepastandnowarewellassimilatedintotheEnglishlanguage.(2)ExamplesCupcuppa(Latin)ShiftShirtChangepork2.Aliens非同化词(1)DefinitionAliensareborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationandspelling.(2)ExamplesDécorKowtowBazaarRajarStatusIntermezzeEmirblitzkrieg3.TranslationLoans译借词(1)DefinitionTranslationloansarewordsandexpressionsformedfromtheexistingmaterialintheEnglishlanguagebutmodelledonthepatternstakenfromanotherlanguage.(2)ExamplesWordstranslatedaccordingtothemeaning:MothertongueAslipofthetongueSurplusvaluemasterpieceBlackhumorWordstranslatedaccordingtothesound:•Ketchup•Lama•tea4.SemanticLoans借义词•DefinitionWordsofthiscategoryarenotborrowedwithreferencetotheformbuttothemeaning.•Examples•Dream•Pioneer•Dumb•freshContentwordsandfunctionalwords•Contentwords(实义词):notionalwords•Functionalwords(功能词):emptywordsNouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbsandnumerals.Prepositions,conjunctions,auxiliariesandarticles.1.on,of,earth,a,cloud,December,the,but,do,dark,walk,be,beautiful,did,and,five,never,run,read,to,it.2.Itisfuntoplaywithchildren.Itiscertainthattheyhaveforgottentheaddress.ThemoreIseethefilm,themoreIlikeit.Nativewordsandborrowedwords1.Thecharacteristicsofnativewords2.Thetypesofborrowedwords(loanwords&borrowings)Characteristicsofnativewords:1.Allnationalcharacter(全民性)2.Stability(稳定性)3.Productivity(能产性)4.Polysemy(多义性)5.Collocability(搭配性)6.Neutralinstyle(文体中性)7.Frequentinuse(使用频率高)ExercisesFillintheblankswithproperwords1.Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensound,___andsyntacticfunction.2.Allthewordsinalanguagemakeupits___.3.The___wordstockisthefoundationofthevocabularyandformsthecommoncoreofthelanguage.4.Inspiteofthedifferencesbetweensoundandform,atleast___percentoftheEnglishwordsfitconsistentspellingpatterns.5.Accordingto___,wordsfallintofunctionalwordsandcontentwords.6.___isthemostimportantofallcharacteristicsofthebasicwordstock.7.Accordingto___,wordsmayfallintobasicwordstockandnonbasicwordstock.8.Asfarastheoriginsofthewordsareconcerned,Englishwordscanbegroupedinto___and___.9.Wordstakenoverfromforeignlanguagesareknownas____,___orjust___.10.Comparedwithcontentwords,functionalwordsmakeupaverysmallnumberofthevocabulary,remain___(stableorunstable).•1.Wouldyoumind____quietforamoment?I'mtrying____aform.A)keeping,tofilloutB)keeping,fillingoutC)keep,tofilloutD)tokeep,tofillout•2.Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno________togotothepartywithus.A)tasteB)moodC)senseD)emotion•3.Thereisalready________cleartoshowthatplantsandanimalsarebeingaffectedbyclimatechange.A)witnessB)certificationC)identityD)evidence•4.Manywomenstillfeelthattheya

1 / 35
下载文档,编辑使用

©2015-2020 m.777doc.com 三七文档.

备案号:鲁ICP备2024069028号-1 客服联系 QQ:2149211541

×
保存成功