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I天津职业技术师范大学TianjinUniversityofTechnologyandEducation毕业论文专业：班级学号：学生姓名：指导教师：二〇一三年六月II天津职业技术师范大学本科生毕业设计基于单片机电子导盲拐杖设计Electronblind-guidecrutchdesignbasedonMCU专业班级：学生姓名指导教师：学院：电子工程学院2013年06月I摘要随着社会的发展，在社会生活中应用超声波测距技术已很广泛，如汽车倒车雷达、测距仪和物位测量仪等都可以通过超声波来实现。由于超声波指向性强，能量消耗缓慢，在介质中传播的距离较远，因而超声测距技术的研究和开发具有实际意义。本设计研究为盲人提供行走时，遇到前方障碍物提前躲避的预警系统。以AT89S52作为核心处理器，采用超声波回波时间差测量人与物体之间的安全距离，实现了提前预警使用者避让障碍物，起到避免安全隐患的作用。该系统是基于AT89S52单片机的超声波测距系统,它根据超声波在空气中传播的反射原理,以超声波传感器为检测部件,应用超声波在空气中传播的时间差来测量距离。夜晚时利用光敏传感器控制警示灯开关，警示来往车辆避让。另有时间播报功能。主要由测距系统（包括超声波发射模块、超声波接收模块）和语音报警系统，时间播报系统，警示灯控制系统，稳压电源，五个主要模块构成。该设计利用AT89S52单片机系统的I/O口，控制超声波传感器发出40KHz的超声波，利用反射回来的超声波信号，经过放大、整形、滤波等电路回到单片机，比较调试后确定与障碍物之间的距离，完成测距。该装置将单片机的实时控制及数据处理功能，与超声波的测距技术、传感器技术相结合。语音系统发出警示音，提醒使用者前方障碍物需躲避。使盲人在看不见的情况下，能够识别前方的障碍物正常的行走，从而起到保护盲人安全的作用。关键词：智能避障；超声波测距；AT89S52单片机IIABSTRACTWiththedevelopmentofsociety，Itisappliedwidelybyultrasonictomeasuredistance,suchascarsreversingradar，rangefinderandlevelmeasurementandsoon.Becauseofthestrongpointofultrasonic,lowenergyconsumption,longdistancetransportinginmedia,thusitispracticalandsignificanttomeasuredistancebyultrasonic.Thisdesignstudyfortheblindtowalk,meetobstaclesaheadofearlywarningsystem.AT89S52asthecoreprocessor,USEStheultrasonicechotimedifferencemeasuringsafetydistancebetweenpeopleandobjects,implementtheearlywarningusersavoidobstacles,avoidsafehiddentrouble.IsthesystemofultrasonicrangingsystembasedonAT89S52microcontroller,itisbasedonthereflectionprincipleofultrasonicwaveinairandinultrasonicsensorsfordetectioncomponents,applicationofultrasonicwaveinairtimedifferencetomeasuredistance.Nightwhenusingphotosensitivesensorwarninglightswitchcontrol,avoidanceoftrafficwarning.Otherwisetimefunction.Mainlybytherangingsystem(includingultrasonictransmittingmodule,ultrasonicreceivermodule)andvoicealarmsystem,timetobroadcastsystem,warninglights,controlsystem,regulatedpowersupply,thefivemajormodules.ThedesignUSESAT89S52singlechipmicrocomputersystemI/Omouth,controlissueof40KHZultrasonicultrasonicsensor,usingthereflectedultrasonicwavesignal,afteramplification,plastic,suchasfiltercircuitbacktothesingle-chipmicrocomputer,isafterthedebuggingandthedistancebetweentheobstacles,tocompletetherange.Thedevicewillsingle-chipmicrocomputerreal-timecontrolanddataprocessingcapabilities,combinedwithultrasonicrangingtechnology,sensortechnology.Issuedawarningsound,voicesystemremindusersinfrontoftheobstaclestoavoid.Undertheconditionoftheinvisiblefortheblindandcanidentifytheobstaclesinfrontofthenormalwalking,whichplayaroletoprotectthesafetyoftheblind.KeyWords：Intelligentobstacleavoidance；Ultrasonicranging；SinglechipmicrocomputerIII目录1．引言............................................................................................................................11.1设计研究的背景及意义.....................................................................................11.2设计研究的内容.................................................................................................11.3本章小结.............................................................................................................22．超声波系统的工作原理及方案................................................................................32.1超声的概述........................................................................................................32.2超声波传感器.....................................................................................................32.3超声波测量中盲区及近限和远限.....................................................................42.4超声测距的方案..............................................................................................42.5本章小结.............................................................................................................53．智能导盲拐杖硬件系统设计....................................................................................63.1设计实现的功能.................................................................................................63.2设计思路.............................................................................................................63.3硬件电路设计.....................................................................................................73.3.1CPU模块...................................................................................................73.3.2超声波换能模块.....................................................................................103.3.3语音播报模块设计...............................................................................153.3.4温度检测模块和时钟模块的设计.......................................................163.3.5灯光示警模块设计.................................................................................183.3.6稳压电源模块的设计............................................................................193.4本章小结...........................................................................................................204．智能导盲拐杖软件设计..........................................................................................214.1系统软件设计语言................................................................................