现代汉语语法结构讲义

Wewillcontinuetoimprovethecompany'sinternalcontrolsystem,andsteadyimprovementinabilitytomanageandcontrol,optimizebusinessprocesses,toensuresmoothprocesses,responsibilitiesinplace;tofurtherstrengtheninternalcontrols,playacontrolpostindependentoversightroleofevaluationcomplyingwiththird-partyresponsibility;toactivelymakeuseofinternalaudittoolsdetectpotentialmanagement,streamline,standardizerelatedtransactions,strengtheningoperationsinaccordancewithlaw.Deepeningtheinformationmanagementtoensurefullcommunicationzeroresistance.ToconstantlyperfectERP,andBFS++,andPI,andMIS,andSCM,informationsystembasedconstruction,fullintegrationinformationsystem,achievedinformationresourcesshared;toexpandPortalsystemapplicationofbreadthanddepth,playinformationsystemonenterpriseofAssistantrole;toperfectdailyrunmaintenanceoperationofrecords,promoteproblemreasonsanalysisandsystemhandover;tostrengtheningBFS++,andERP,andSCM,technologyapplicationoftraining,improveemployeesapplicationinformationsystemofcapacityandlevel.Humanisticcaretoensurezero.TostrengtheningHumanitiescare,continuestofostercompanywindclear,andgasare,andheartShunofcultureatmosphere;strengtheninglovehelpedtrapped,caredifficultemployees;carriedoutstyleactivities,richemployeeslife;strengtheninghealthandlabourprotection,organizationcareerhealthmedical,controlcareeragainst;continuestoimplementationpsychologicalwarningpreventionsystem,trainingemployeeshealthofcharacter,andstableofmoodandenterprisingofattitude,createdfriendlyfraternityofHumanitiesenvironment.Tostrengthenriskmanagement,ensurethatthebusinessofzerorisk.Tostrengthenedbusinessplansmanagement,willbusinessbusinessplanscovertoalllevel,ensurethebusinesscancontrolincontrol;tocloseconcernfinancial,andcoalelectriclinkage,andenergy-savingscheduling,nationalpolicytrends,strengtheningtrack,activeshould;toimplementationState-ownedassetsmethod,furtherspecificationbusinessfinancialmanagement;toperfectrisktubecontrolsystem,achievedriskrecognition,andmeasure,andassessment,andreport,andcontrolfeedbackofclosedringmanagement,improveriskpreventioncapacity.Tofurtherstandardizetrading,andstrivetoachieveaccordingtolaw,standardizeandfair.Innovationofperformancemanagement,toensurethatpotentialemployeeszerofly.Tostrengthenperformancemanagement,processcontrol,enhanceemployeeevaluationandlevelsofeffectivecommunicationtoimproveperformancemanagement.Tofurtherquantifyandrefineemployeestandards...Work,fullplayparty,andbranch,andmembersinfivetypeEnterpriseconstructionintheofcorerole,andfightingfortressroleandpioneermodelrole;tocontinuestostrengtheningfourgoodleadershipconstruction利用设在基坑边的固定泵输送砼到施工面，人工摊铺，平板振捣器振捣密实，用刮杠沿模板顶将砼刮平，并用木抹搓平压实，确保砼密实和表面平整。砼浇注时埋设支立模板及钢筋支架所需预埋铁件playlevelscadresinenterprisedevelopmentintheofbackbonebackbonerole;tofullstrengtheningmembersyouthwork,fullplayyouthemployeesincompanydevelopmentintheofforcerole;toimproveindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionworklevel,strengtheningonenterprisebusinesskeylinkofeffectivenessmonitored.,Andmaintainstability.Tofurtherstrengthenpublicityandeducation,improvetheoveralllegalsystem.Wemuststrengthensafetymanagement,establishandimprovetheeducation,supervision,andevaluationasoneofthetrafficsafetymanagementmechanism.ToconscientiouslysumuptheOlympicsecuritycontrols,promotingintegratedmanagementtoahigherlevel,higherstandards,ahigherlevelofdevelopment.Employees,todayislunarcalendaronDecember24,theoxBellisabouttoring,atthistimeofyear,weclearlyfeelthepulseoftheXXpowergenerationcompanytoflourish,tomoreclearlyhearXXpowergenerationcompaniesmatureandsymmetrybreathing.Recallingpastoneanotheracrossarailing,weareenthusiasticandfullofconfidence.Futuredevelopmentopportunities,wemoreexcitingfightmorespirited.Employees,letustogetheracross2013fullofchallengesandopportunities,tocreateagreen,low-costoperation,fullofhumanecareofaworld-classpowergenerationcompanyandworkhard!TheoccasionoftheSpringFestival,mysincerewishthatyouandthefamiliesofthestaffinthenewyear,goodhealth,happy,happy!汉语语法结构分析第一节现代汉语语法概说的简单历史学习要点：了解语法及其基本特征：抽象性、生成性、递归性、系统性和民族性；掌握汉语语法的总特点和四个主要特点；熟悉语法学的种类；了解汉语语法学发展一、什么是语法关于语法有多种多样的说法，例如：语法“是人们说话时所遵守的一种规则”。该说法不很严密，因为说话时要遵守的有语音、语汇、语用等规则，不仅仅是语法规则。语法是“组词造句的规则”。该定义比较明确地指出了语法的范围，但还缺乏概括性，因为它没有很好地说明由什么来组词，由什么来造句，另外有些结构的组合不能概括进来，例如“林荫道”，“林荫”的组合即不是词，也不是句；再如“排在前面的”，也即不是词也不是句。陆俭明（2003）有个定义比较合理：语法是一种语言中由小的音义结合体组合成大的音义结合体所依据的一套规则。对语法的学习可以帮助我们了解语言的规则性，例如：1、（1）弟弟很聪明。*（2）弟弟聪明很。*（3）很弟弟聪明。*（4）很聪明弟弟。*（5）聪明弟弟很。*（6）聪明很弟弟。2、究竟他出了多少钱？→他究竟出了多少钱？究竟谁出了五块钱？→*谁究竟出了五块钱？同时可以帮助我们对规则进行解释，例如：1、A：他的书稿被整理出版了。他的事情也被揭发了。瓶子里的水被我喝光了。B：国家统计局长：网友称工资被增长让我脸红。七成民众赞成汉字调整，难道我们“被支持”了。教育部称67%公众赞成汉字调整，网友调侃被67%。那些原本在小康达标水平之下的群众，一夜之间就“被小康”了。在一个不大的城市里，猛增1000多个慈善组织、5000多个慈善大使，想要不被慈善，恐怕也难以逃脱。2、桌上摆着鲜花。台上演着戏。山上架着炮。3、小张和小李是同学小张和小李是老乡4、小张和小李是学生小张和小李是干部二、语法的基本特征（一）抽象性（1）弟弟妹妹/老师学生/工人农民/北京上海……“N+N”（2）吃饭/喝茶/打球/看戏……“V+N”（3）“来的来，去的去”→“X的X，Y的Y”“鼻子是鼻子，眼睛是眼睛”→“A是A，B是B”（二）生成性语法规则的生成性，集中表现在两个方面：“组合关系”和“聚合关系”。囡囡吃饭了。→妈妈吃饭了。→妈妈买饭了。→妈妈喝水了。可以相互替换的词语语法功能如果相同，他们就形成了某种类聚，这就叫做“聚合关系”。（三）递归性叔叔来了→叔叔的叔叔来了→叔叔的叔叔的叔叔来了→叔叔的叔叔的叔叔的叔叔来了我知道老师来了→你知道我知道老师来了→他知道你知道我知道老师来了→我知道他知道你知道我知道老师来了Wewillcont