初中定语从句详解及练习附答案

1定语从句详解及练习附答案第一部分:基础知识（一）．定语从句概述定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，不定式，介词短语来充当。如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为形容词性从句。定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词，它位于定语从句之前，定语从句在先行词后面，应尽量紧跟先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。（二）．定语从句的引导词。定语从句的引导词分为两类，关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose）和关系副词（when,where,why），引导词在先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定语从句，更重要的是，它又在定语从句中作一个成分。（三）．关系代词1.that指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。ThisisthephotothatItookinthecountry.HeisthesingerthatImetyesterday.2.which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或者代替前句Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasmoving.3.who指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。Thepersonwhovisitedourclassroomyesterdaywasournewheadmaster.ThemanwhoyoujusttalkedtoisTom.4.whom指人，在从句中作宾语。Thatistheprofessorwhomyouwanttoknow.5.whose指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+’s,后接一名词。Iknowtheboywhoseparentsaredead.Idon’tlikethosecitieswhoseroadsaredirty.注：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。（四）．关系副词关系副词在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词+which，其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/on/in/duringwhich.I’llneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)IreachedthetopoftheHuangshanMountain.where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/in/to/which.Thisistheschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudied.why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于forwhich.That’stherealreasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.第二部分：关系代词的特殊用法关系代词指物时,用that而不用which的情况:1.先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything以及all,much,little,alot,none,few等不定代词时。Eg:MymotherwassoproudofallthatIdidt2.先行词有thelast,thevery,theonly以及all,much,few,no,any,little等修饰时。e.g.ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.3.先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。e.g.ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatI’veeverseen.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestotheirmindistheWestLake.24.thesame修饰先行词时,定语从句要用that或as引导,但意义不同。e.g.ThisisthesamewatchasIlostlastSunday.(表示相同但并非同一)ThisisthesameknifethatIusedyesterday.(表示就是那个)6.Therebe后面的定语从句多用that引导,不用which。e.g.There’saseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.7.句子前面出现了who,which时,后面的定语从句用that引导。e.g.Theybuiltafactorywhichmadesomenewproductsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.Whoisthemanthatyouweretalkingaboutjustnow?8.关系代词在定语从句作表语时,常用that,而不用which、who。e.g.Myhometownisnotthesmallvillagethatitwas10yearsago.Tomisn’tthemanthatheusedtobe9.先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。e.g.DoyourememberthebookanditsauthorthatappearedonTVlastSunday(二)关系代词指人时,有时只用who,而不用that。1.先行词为指人的代词one,those,theman,以及人称代词如he等。e.g.Thosewhoareoftenlateforschoolshouldbepunished.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2.先行词为someone(somebody),noone(nobody),anyone(anybody),everyone(everybody)。e.g.Anyonewhowouldliketoattendthepartyshouldcomeontime.3.先行词指人时,如有序数词,最高级,thevery,theonly,thelast等修饰,定语从句既可用that也可用who引导。e.g.Heisthefirststudentwho/thatworkedouttheproblem.(三)关系代词whose的用法：1.whose在从句中作定语，表示“先行词的…”，既可指人，也可指物。e.g.Johnismybestfriend,whosefatherisascientist.Theoldmanlivedinthehousewhosewindowwasbroken.Theboss,inwhosecompanymyfatherworked,wasveryfriendlytotheworkers.2.whose可以转换为ofwhich（物）和ofwhom（人）。e.g.1)Thedictionarywhosecoverismissingismine.(划线部分可改为thecoverofwhich或ofwhichthecover)2)TheyalsoinvitedMrWang,whosecarwasstolenlastSunday.(划线部分可改为thecarofwhom或ofwhomthecar)(四)which的特殊用法：1.关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句,有时不是修饰某个先行词,而是指代主句的全部或部分内容。特别注意，非限定定语从句中prep+which时，which只能指代先行词，不可以指代句子。e.g.1)InChina,yousometimesgetahotdampclothtocleanyourfaceandhands,which,however,isnotthecustominwesterncountries.Helenoftencamelate,whichmadetheclassteacherangry.2.which有时可在定语从句中作定语,含义上相当于指示代词this/that。e.g.1)HestayedinEnglandfor5years,duringwhichtimehelearnedEnglishwell.2)Itmayrainhardtomorrow,inwhichcaseIwon’tgofishing.注意：which的这种用法与whose作定语不同。whose表示“先行词的…”。e.g.They’retalkingaboutafilm,whosenameIhaveforgotten.3.以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时,可借关系代词which把介词前置。e.g.1)TomorrowwouldbeChristmasDay,andshehadonly$1.87withwhichtobuy3Jimapresent.32Thosepoorpeoplehadnohousestolivein/inwhichtolive.注：如果先行词指人，关系代词用whom。e.g.IwanttofindapersontotraveltoEnglandwith/withwhomtotraveltoEngland.(五)关系代词as的用法：1.引导限制性定语从句：当先行词有such,so,thesame等修饰时,关系代词要用as；as在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。e.g.1).Ihaveneverseensuchakindgirlassheis.2).Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)aseverystudentrespects.比较：Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)thateverystudentrespectshim.(此句为such/so…that引导的结果状语从句)3).Suchastudentasoftenstudieshardissuretopassthisexam.4).HeboughtthesamebikeasIdidlastweek.区别thatIdidlastweek2.引导非限制性定语从句：as不修饰某个先行词，而是指代主句的全部或部分内容，可译为“这一点，此事；正如”，或不译。这种从句可位于句首、句中或句尾。常见于asweallknow,ashasbeensaidabove，asisusual，asisoftenthecase,aseverybodycansee,asisknowntousall等结构。e.g.1).Hehaspassedtheexam,asisapleasuretous.2).Asweallknow,theearthmovesaroundthesun.3).Thisexperiment,asyouhadexpected,succeededatlast.3.如前所述,which也可引导这种从句,两者常可互换。(非限定性定语从句谓语句末且指代前面的主句)e.g.1）.Thosetwostudentsarewearingthesameclothes,which/asisveryinteresting.2）.Theycametothepartyontime,as/whichhadbeenexpected.但在以下两种情况下有区别：1).as从句可位于句首(或主句前),而which从句只能在主句后。e.g.____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As2).关系代词作主语时,如果从句的谓语是及物动词+宾语的结构,则只能用which。e.g.Hisfatherdiedinatrafficaccident,whichmadeusgreatlysurprised.3）当which在从句中指代的事先行词而不是主句，只能用whiche.g.Thecar,whichwesawontheplayground,isMike’s.第四部分：关系副词的特殊用法关系副词when,where,why的用法：1.关系代词(which/that)与关系副词(when,where,why)的选取方法：当先行词是定语从句中的主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。关系代词指代先行词，并代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。如果先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语,先行词前面需要加上一个介词