Translation-Theory-and-the-NON-Literary-text5

TranslationTheoryandtheNONLiterarytextBelindaMaiaUniversidadedoPortoAcknowledgements•Thislectureisbasedtoalargeextenton:•MUNDAY,Jeremy.2001.IntroducingTranslationStudies–TheoriesandApplications.LondonandNewYork:Routledge•VENUTI,Lawrence.(Ed.)2000.TheTranslationStudiesReader.LondonandNewYork:Routledge.•BUTtheimplicationsfortheNONliterarytextaremyownresponsibilityAfewgeneraldistinctions•Translatingv.interpreting•Sourcelanguage/text–SL/ST•Targetlanguage/text-TL/TT•Intralingualv.interlingualv.intersemiotictranslation•Translationaslanguagelearning•Contrastivelinguistics•Comparativeliterature“TranslationStudies”–self-perception•ManypeopletodaythinkthatTranslationStudiesismainly:–Literarytheory–Culturalstudies•And,possibly:–Communicationstudies–Stylistics&GenreanalysisTranslationTheory-TT–perspectivefromPhilosophy•Linguisticphilosophy-attemptstodiscoverWHATlanguagemeans:–theideallanguage(s)oflogicetc.–'ordinarylanguage'philosophy•Philosophyoflanguage–attemptstofindoutHOWlanguagemeans:–certaingeneralfeaturesoflanguagesuchasmeaning,reference,truth,verification,speechactsandlogicalnecessity•Philosophyoflinguistics-thestudyoflanguagethroughlinguisticsTT–perspectivefromPhilosophyofLinguistics•Structuralism-languagereflectsstructureofthought,cultureandsociety•Transformational-Generativegrammar-underlyinguniversallanguage•Functionalism-Languageanditssocialfunctions•Cognitivism-Languageasitreflectsourcognitiveappraisaloftheworld,categorizationofexperienceanduseofmetaphorTT–perspectivefromLinguistics•Linguistsperceiveitasrelatedto:–Contrastivelinguistics–Pragmatics–DiscourseAnalysis–Stylistics•OncedismissedasuselesstoTT–alloftheseareashavebeenre-animatedbycorporalinguisticsTT–perspectivefromInformationTechnoclogy•ITspecialistsareincreasinglyfascinatedbyhumanlanguageand:–Machineassistedtranslation–MachineTranslation–KnowledgeEngineering–InformationRetrieval–ArtificialIntelligenceTT-theprofessionalperspective•Translatortraining•Interpretertraining•Translationaids•Translationcriticism•Translationquality•Translationpolicy•ProfessionaltranslationstandardsTranslationTheories•Theobjectivesofthisseminarare:–Togiveageneraloutlineoftranslationtheoriesinthiscentury–Toshowhowthesetheoriesapplytononliterarytexts–TodemonstratethattranslationpracticecanbenefitfromtheoryTranslationtheories•MostTTis:–Product-orientated–focusesthetranslation–Function-orientated–examinesthecontextandpurposeofthetranslation–Process-orientated–analysesthepsychologyoftranslationandprocess•ButusuallyhaselementsofallthreePartialtheoriesoftranslation•Mediumrestricted–manormachine?•Arearestricted–specificlanguages/cultures•Rank-restricted–word/sentence/text•Text-typerestricted–differentgenres•Time-restricted–historicalview•Problem-restricted–specificproblems,e.gequivalenceProblems•PositionofTranslationStudiesinacademia•Splitbetweentheoryandpractice•Translationteachers'fearoftheory•Researchersstillencouragedtofocusonliterature•Thereforeteacher/researcherfacedwithdilemmaEarlydistinctions•Peoplehavebeenarguingforcenturiesabout–literalv.freev.faithfultranslation–word-for-wordv.sense-for-sense•Forexample:•Cicero,StJerome,StAugustine,MartinLuther,ÉtienneDolet,AlexanderTytler,JohannWolfgangvonGoethe,FriedrichSchleiermacher,WilhelmvonHumboldt,ArthurSchopenhauer•SeeRobinson(1997/2002)Bibletranslation•Bassnett(1991:45-50)-ThehistoryofBibletranslationisaccordinglyahistoryofwesterncultureinmicrocosm.–St.Jerome'stranslationintoLatinin384A.D.–JohnWycliffe(1330-84)andthe'Lollards'–WilliamTyndale(1494-1536)–burntatstake–MartinLuther–NewTestament1522,OldTestament1534•TryBiblegateway:’an•SeeUniversityofSouthernCalifornia:•Warning:NotethatanytranslationoftheQur'animmediatelyceasestobetheliteralwordofAllah,andhencecannotbeequatedwiththeQur'aninitsoriginalArabicform.Infact,eachofthetranslationsonthissiteisactuallyaninterpretationwhichhasbeentranslated.ScienceinTranslationahistoricalview•ScottL.Montgomery.2000.ScienceinTranslation.MovementsofKnowledgethroughCulturesandTime.UniversityofChicagoPress.•Describeshowscientifictextshavebeentranslated,‘adapted’,‘revised’andaddedtodownthecenturiese.g.–WesternAstronomy–GreekandArabicScience–JapaneseScienceFurtherreading•HERMANS,Theo&UbaldoStecconi.2002.'TranslatorsasHostagestoHistory'.•FromtheEuropeanCommission’s'TheorymeetsPractice'Seminars–at:‘Linguistic’theoriesoftranslation•LanguageUniversalsv.LinguisticRelativism•Scienceoftranslation•Equivalence•Semanticandcommunicativetranslation•KorrespondenzandÄquivalenz•Translation‘shifts’•DiscourseandregisteranalysisLanguageUniversalsv.LinguisticRelativism•LanguageUniversals–presupposethatlanguagesand/orourcapacityforlanguageareuniversaland/orinnate–longhistoryleadingtoChomskyandbeyond•LanguageRelativism–differentlanguagesshowusdifferentwaysofviewingtheworld–Sapir-WhorftheoryandmosttranslationtheoryScienceoftranslation•Nida(1964)–Linguisticmeaning–R