搜索
Readingskills---主旨大意型考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题和标题来设题。２００７年２010年的新高考中所有的试题都是在语篇中考查，听力，阅读，写作，完型填空，语法填空，无一例外全都突出语篇的重要性，所以在备考中必须高度重视语篇能力．语篇能力－－Howtograspthemainideaofapassage阅读中主旨大意题的题型分类主旨题标题类文章主旨段落主旨专家支招：第一步:识别文体,找主题句新闻报道导语提携全文议论文总--分--总（论点－论据－结论）说明文主题句（首－－中－－尾）记叙文记叙文六要素寻找主题句的方法㈠识别文体，找主题句：记叙文（文中一般没有明显的主题句,）,夹叙夹议文(主题句常在议论中)，说明文（一般在首段），议论文（一般为总分总模式，即主题句（作者的观点）常在首段或末段（作者观点的重申））。当然，由于写作需要，主题句偶尔也可在一段文章中间。㈡关注文中出现的连词（转折连词but/however，因果连词so/therefore，或一些常见但在文章中间出现有一定目的的词（infact,thestudyshowsthat…,forexample,inshort）,因为这些词后面所阐述的往往就是主题句。㈢有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要读者对每段文章的段意进行归纳，在段落大意的基础上再进一步加工概括了。(四)首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨.㈤关注高频词(常为名词)专家支招第二步:推敲选项,排除干扰推敲选项正误的5个小窍门:⑴根据第一步寻找主题句,找出关键词,与四个选项进行匹配,选出最合适恰当的答案⑵正确选项常含有概括性的词语⑶正确选项不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词⑷正确选项应能概括全文,内容全面,含义深刻或说明道理⑸四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案干扰项的特点:⑴概括范围太窄,常为文中具体信息或某个段落大意⑵概括范围太宽,所表达内容常超出文章阐述的内容⑶无关信息:即文中未提到或找不到语言依据的信息,但看起来又是对的.标题的特点:简练,全面,范围合理,常为名词.忌范围太大,过于笼统,范围太小(常用文中细节或某段段落大意来混淆).如何寻找主题句Sample1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.（1）主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。PeoplehavedifferenttastesinfoodSample2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（2）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。NooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametimeSample3Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.（3）在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展.returnthemodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations~~~~~~~~~~Sample4（无主题句）JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?＿＿＿A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.Sample5(潮阳实验学校9月份月考试题)Thestudyontheimpactoflightonteenagers’sleepinghabitsfindsthatinsufficientdailymorninglightexposurecontributestoteenagersnotgettingenoughsleep.………50.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.LackofMorningLightKeepingTeenagersupatNightB.LightTherapyCanReduceHealthRisksofTeenagers.C.MeasuresImpactofReducedMorningLightExposure.D.StudentsWearsSpecialGlassestoGuaranteeSleep.Thestudyfindsthat________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sample6(2007广东高考英语试题阅读理解B篇)Doyouwanttolivewithastrongsenseofpeacefulness,happiness,goodness,andself-respect?Thecollectionofhappinessactionsbroadlycategorizedashonorhelpyoucreatethislifeofgoodfeelings.Here'sanexampletoshowhowhonorableactionscreatehappiness.Sayastoreclerkfailstochargeusforanitem.Ifwekeepsilent,andprofitfromtheclerk'smistake,wewoulddrivehomewithasenseofsneakyexcite--ment.Laterwemighttellourfamilyorfriendsaboutourgoodfortune.Ontheotherhand,ifwetelltheclerkabouttheunchargeditem,theclerkwouldbegratefulandthankusforourhonesty.Wewouldleavethestorewithaquietsenseofhonorthatwemightneversharewithanothersoul.Then,whatisittodowithoursenseofhappiness?Inthefirstcase,wherewedon'ttelltheclerk,acoupleofthingswouldhappen.50.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage.*A.HowtoLiveTruthfullyB.ImportanceofPeacefulnessC.WaysofGainingSelf-respectD.HappinessthroughHonorableActions~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________江苏.Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem.Itisexpectedtocarry20,000trucksandcarsaday,whichgreatlyreducestheovercrowdedtrafficinthecenterofthecity.Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,onefortraffictothenorthandtheotherforthetraffictothesouth.Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,practicallyatitshighestpoint.Therewillalsobeelectricsignsatfrequentintervals.Theyshowtrafficconditionsaheadandcanbeseenclearlybydrive