语法复习八：动词时态和语态

语法复习八：动词时态和语态（1）一、动词的分类和形式：动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。1）实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词；2）连系动词有两种：一种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程。4、五种不同的短语动词：1）“动词+介词”；2）“动词+副词”；3）“动词+副词+介词”；4）“动词+名词（或代词）+介词”；5）“be+形容词（包括相当于形容词的过去分词+介词”。二、动词的时态：1、一般现在时的用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。2）表示主语的特征、性格和能力。3）表示客观事实或真理。4）表示按照计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go,come,leave,start,stop,be等开始或移动意义的词。）2、一般过去时的用法：1）表示过去的动作或状态。2）叙述过去连续发生的事情。3）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。3、一般将来时的用法：1）表示将来的动作或状态。2）表示将来的经常动作。4、现在进行时的用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行。）5、过去进行进的用法：1）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。2）表示移动的动词：come,start,stay,leave,go等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。3）wasgoingtodo可以表示在过去某一时间之后发生的动作。6、现在完成时的用法：1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与since,for连用，但for,since不能与终止性的动词连用。3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。7、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在所产生的结果、影响。一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系。2）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动作。8、过去完成的用法：1）表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作。常与by,before等介词短语或一个状语从句或上下文暗示。2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for（有时可省去）或since构成的短语或since引导的从句连用。9、过去将来时的用法：表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。1.WhenIsawMary,she______onthepiano.A.isplayingB.playsD.played2.She______thedoorbeforeshegoesaway.A.hadlockedB.islocking.D.waslocking.3.Ahunterisamanwho______animals.A.catchC.willcatchD.wascatching4.What_____ifIdrinkthis?A.happensB.ishappeningD.ishappened5.IwillvisityouifFather______me.A.letC.islettingD.willletC.wasplayingC.haslockedB.catchesC.willhappenB.lets答案6.Lookout!Thattree_____falldown.B.willbeC.shallD.would7.Myuncle_____toseeme.He'llbeheresoon.A.comesC.hadcomeD.came8.Theycan'tleaveuntilthey_____theirwork.A.didB.aredoingD.hasdone9.Hasheseenthisfilm?Yes.He______itseveraldaysago.B.hasseenC.hadseenD.wasseeing10.NowMikeisn'there.He______MrGreen's.Perhapshe______backinafewminutes.A.wentto;iscomingC.hasbeento;willbeD.isgoingto;hascome答案A.isgoingtoB.iscomingC.havedoneA.sawB.hasgoneto;willcome11.Thatdayhe._______hisclothesbeforehecametoseeme.A.haswashedB.washedD.waswashed12.Ihaven'tfinishedmycomposition.I______fortwohoursandahalf.A.havewrittenitB.C.wroteitD.amwrittingit13.IwilltakemydaughterwithmewhenI_____ShangHai,B.willgotoC.havebeentoD.havegoneto14.Thisbrightgirl______thetruthinfrontoftheenemy.A.didn'tsayB.couldn'tspeaktoC.said15.Thebridgewhich______lastyearlooksreallybeautiful.B.builtC.wassetupD.hadbeenbuilt答案C.hadbeenwashingB.havebeenwritingitA.gotoD.didn'ttellA.w7asbuilt16.When______schoolbegin?NextMonday.A.hasC.didD.isgoingto17.Iwill______heretillyougivemesomemoney.A.leaveC.comeD.return18.I_____heresinceImovedhere.A.willworkB.workedC.work19.EverytimeI_____there,Iwillbuyhimsomethingnice.A.wentB.willgoD.havegone20.Itwassaidthathisfather______.A.hasdiedB.died.C.hasbeendead答案B.doesB.notleaveD.havebeenworkingC.goD.haddied21.Wewon'tgounlessyou______soon.A.hadcomeB.cameC.willcome22._____sixyearssinceIbeganstudyingEnglish.A.TheyhavebeenC.ItwasD.Thereare23.They______theSummerPalacethreetimes.A.havegonetoC.havebeeninD.havegoneinto24.Howlonghaven'tweseeneachother?“Well,it_____nearlytwoyearssincewe______last.A.is/havemetB.was/hadmetD.hasbeen/hadmet25.Haveyouseentheartexhibition?No,_____there.B.theydidn'tholdC.ithadnotheldD.theywereholdingitD.comeB.itisB.havebeentoC.is/metA.itwasnotbeingheld答案26.Don'tgetoffthebusuntilit______.A.stopB.willstopC.stopped27.Where______therecorder?Ican'tseeitanywhere.I_____itrighthere.Butnowit'sgone.A.didyouput/haveputC.hadyouput/wasputtingD.wereyouputting/haveput28.Theyaskedmetohaveadrinkwiththem.Isaidthatitwas10yearssinceI______agooddrink.B.wasenjoyingC.enjoyedD.hadbeenenjoying29.Don'tcometonight.Iwouldratheryou_____tomorrow.A.comeC.willcomeD.coming30.______you______?A.Do/marryB.Have/marriedC.Have/beenmarried答案D.hasstoppedB.haveyouput/putA.hadenjoyedB.cameD.Are/married31.Whenhe______allthenewspapers,he'llgohome.A.sellsC.willhavesoldD.willbesold32.Thiscloth_____welland_____long.Ok.I'lltakeit.B.iswashed/lastedC.washes/islastedD.iswashing/lasting33.Hurryup,you______onthephone.Oh,I'mcoming.Thankyou.B.arebeingwantedC.wantD.arewanting34.I______seeyou,butIdidn't,forIhadnotime.B.haswantedtoC.wantedD.waswanted35.I______inGuangZhouforsixyearsbythisOctober.A.havelivedB.waslivingC.willbeliving答案B.hassoldA.washes/lastsA.arewantedA.hadwantedtoD.shallhavelived36.Bythistimenextyearhe______fromthecollege.A.willbegraduatingB.shouldbegraduatingD.isgraduating37.Ourteachertoldusthattheearth_____fromwesttoeast.B.turnC.hasturnedD.hadturned38.Mybrother_____whilehe_____hisbicycleandhurthimself.B.fell/wereridingC.hadfallen/rodeD.hadfallen/wasriding39.Billsaidhe____twenty-onethenextyear.B.wasabouttobeC.couldbeD.wastobe40.Itishightimeyou_____inbednow.A.areC.willbeD.wouldbeC.willhavegraduatedA.turnsA.fell/wasridingA.wasgoingtobeB.were答案41.Afterawhileanagreement_____.B.wasarrivedinC.wasarrivedD.hasbeenarrived42.TheairlinerfromBeijing_____at3:00p.m.A.isabouttoarriveB.hasarrivedD.isgoingtoarrive43.______,thatstepisnotsafe!A.LookaroundB.LookupD.Lookdown44.Haveyou_____himtogiveupsmoking?No.I_____,buthewouldn'tlis