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1运用“一课一题”式探究引导学生突破英语阅读难点陕西省教育与考试评价委员会理事原咸阳市教育局高中学科基地英语科专家组成员王军龙咸阳市武功县教师【内容摘要】本文结合当前推广“宜川模式”高中课堂教学模式与高三复课备课中的难点与教学实际，采用“一课一题”式探究，引导学生领悟高考阅读题的命题策略和培养学生自主探究解题的策略，旨在引导学生逐步了解阅读题的设置过程，从而逐步攻克阅读题的难点、自觉形成在做如何获取信息和处理信息的能力，提升学生的综合语言运用能力，提高复课备考的效率。【主题词】一课一题攻克阅读难点一、当前高三备考阅读课的现状到了高三复课备考阶段，无论教师还是学生，时间都很紧张。教师忙于筛选各种试题、制定各种对策、分析学生在练考中出现的问题；学生忙于应付各科的试题。同时，老师因压力大而无暇采用新的教学方法，习惯采用传统的授课模式，讲题、解答、评卷；学生因自身的期望值高而穷于在各种题海中拼搏。特别是高考英语阅读题所占分值最大，题类众多。其结果是教学效率和学习效率都没有明显地提高。二、“一课一题”式阅读课设计的依据阅读是英语学习的主要途径，是掌握语言知识、获取信息、提高语言运用能力的基础。《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》指出：高中英语课程应着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力（教育部，2003）。可见，阅读教学不仅要让学生掌握语言知识，获取文章提供的信息，领悟文章的内涵，更为重要的是让学生采取适当的阅读策略，掌握阅读的方法与技能，逐步培养学生的语言学习能力。教师在平时的课堂教学中要有意识地渗透阅读策略，引导学生逐步了解策略，掌握策略，熟练运用策略，提高学生的阅读能力，提升学生的综合语言运用能力。高考阅读题的设置有两大类，即：传统题和课改新题型。前者又有细节判断题、细节推理题、词义猜测题、文章主旨题、作者态度题等；后者则是信息匹配题，即；“六选五”题。《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》和高考阅读题设置的题类又为我们有效进行“一课一题式”探究教学提供了依据和条件。三、“一课一题”式阅读课实施的方法结合学生模拟练考中存在的问题和课堂45分钟有限的时间，我们可以采用一节课选择高考阅读题类中的某个小题型，选用典型的此类高考阅读题展示（印发）给学生，引导学生分析、归纳这类题型的设置形式、答题方法、答题原则等，然后再印发少量的此类试题加以训练。这样，一节课解决一个问题，这样循序渐进地就可以把学生在阅读题中遇到的难点逐个攻克，收效还大，省时、省力。四、“一课一题”式阅读课实施的实例高考阅读题中的文章主旨题是大多数学生难以把握的题型，下面我就以此类为例说说“一课一题式”探究教学的办法和步骤。第一步、选好试题，设计探究方案。我们选用2011全国I和全国II中各一题和2009年陕西题中其中一道题为例连同答案一起给学生。（2011全国IB）Thewordadvertisingreferstoanykindofpublicannouncementthatbringsproductsandservicestotheattentionofpeople.Throughouthistory,advertisinghasbeenaneffectivewayto2promote(促进)thetradingandsellingofgoods.Inthemiddleages,merchantsemployed“towncriers”toreadpublicmessagesaloudtopromotetheirgood.Whenprintingwasinventedinthefifteenthcentury,pagesofadvertisements(ads)couldbeprintedeasilyandwereeitherhunginpublicplacesorputinbooks.Bytheendoftheseventhcentury,whennewspaperwerebeginningtobereadbymorepeople,printedmaterialsbecameanimportanttopromoteproductsandservices.TheLondonGazettewasthefirstnewspapertosetasideaplacejustforadvertising.Thiswassosuccessfulthatbytheendofthecenturyseveralcompaniesstartedbusinessforthepurposeofmakingnewspaperadsformerchants.Advertisingspreadquicklythroughouttheeighteenthcentury.Adwriterswerestartingtopaymoreattentiontothedesignoftheadtext.Everything,fromclothestodrinks,waspromotedwithclevermethodssuchasrepetitionofthefirm’snameorproduct,wordsorganizedineye-catchingpatterns,theuseofprettypicturesandexpressionseasytoremember.Neartheendofthenineteenthcentury,companiesthatweredevotedtotheproductionofadscametobeknownas“advertisingagencies(广告商).”Theagenciesdevelopednewwaystogetpeopletothinkofthemselvesasmembersofagroup.Throughoutthetwentiethcenturyadvertisingagenciespromotedconsumerism(消费主义)aswayoflife,spreadingthebeliefthatpeoplecouldbehappyonlyiftheyboughtthe“right”products.63Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?_________A.TheStoryofAdvertisingB.TheValueofAdvertisingDesignsC.TheRoleofNewspaperAdvertisingD.TheDevelopmentofPrintingforAdvertising【答案解析】文章主旨题。本题选A。根据每个自然段中相继出现的信息，即：Throughouthistory，Bytheendoftheseventhcentury，throughouttheeighteenthcentury，Throughoutthetwentiethcentury我们可以判断该短文讲述广告的发展历程。（2011全国IIA）Since1984,Philadelphiahasbeencleaningupitsact.Onebyone,graffiti-coveredwallsarebeingchangedintooutdoorart.Sofar,morethan1,800murals（壁画）havebeenpainted.PhiladelphianowhasmoremuralsthananyotherAmericancity.Thewallsthatwereonceuglywithgraffiti（涂鸦）arenowcoveredwithbeautifulpicturesofhistoricalheroesandmodernart,thankstotheMuralArtsProgram(MAP).Itsworkmakesschoolsandpublicplacesattractive,anditscitizensveryproud.TheprogrambeganaspartofPhiladelphia'sAnti-GraffitiNetwork.JaneGoldenistheMAP'sartisticdirector.Whenpeopleaskmewhatourprogramisabout,shesays,Ianswerthemwithoneword:hope.Eachyear,theMAPoffersyouthartprogramsandworkshops.Someone-timegraffitiwritersevenhelppaintMAPmurals.TheMAP'swork,saysGolden,isallaboutdevelopingasenseofcommunity（社区）．Whenaneighborhoodrequestsamural,theMAPworkswiththepeopletheretodevelopamessage.SomemessageshavebeenSafeStreets,LoveandCare,andPeaceWalk.TheMAPreceivesupto50requestsformuralseachweek.Lastyear,theworkerspainted140murals.Themakingofamuralenterspeople'scollectivememoryasanextraordinary,pleasantmomentinneighborhoodhistorysaysGolden,whobeganasamuralistinLosAngeles.41．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?_________A.Love,fromGraffitiWriterstoMuralistsB.MAP,aNewCompanyinPhiladelphia3C.Jane,anExcellentMuralArtistD.Hope,OneWallataTime【答案解析】文章主旨题。本题选D。根据第一自然段中的Onebyone和最后一自然段中的Themakingofamuralenterspeople'scollectivememoryasanextraordinary,pleasantmomentinneighborhoodhistory可知本题选D。（2009陕西D）Ks5uBrianarrivedattheSanFranciscoairporttwohoursbeforetheflighttoParis.Hewaswearingthreeshirts,ajacket,twopairsofsocks,apairofshorts,andtwopairsofjeans.Hewascarryingonesmallbackpack,whichwasveryfull,buthedidn’thaveanyotherluggage.BrianneededtomeetamannamedTonybeforehecheckedinforhisflight.HefoundTonyneartheAirFrancecounter.Tonygavehimaround-tripticketandasmallpackage.Ks5u“GivethispackagetoJean-PaulattheairportinParis.Hewillhaveasignwithyournameonit.Ithinkyoucanfindhimeasily,“Tonysaid.”Youdon’thaveanyluggage,right?”Ks5u“Onlythisbackpack,”Briananswered.“YousaidIcouldbringonecarry-onbag.”Ks5u“That’sright,onecarry-onb