动名词

Part2动词ing形式充当名词即动名词表语主语宾语动名词定语1.动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，在句中担任主语、宾语和表语、定语。Seeingisbelieving.(眼见为实)Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.PS:动名词和不定式，两者的区别在于不定式表达是具体或是将来发生的动作，而动名词则表示抽象的一般行为。1.Readingnovelsisenjoyable.2.Toreadthisnovelisenjoyable.3.Hisjobisdeliveringtheletters4.TodaymyjobistolookafterthesisterwhenMomiscooking.1作主语，可以直接放在句首，但在某些习惯表达法中也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置，如：Seeingisbelieving.Itisnouse(good)+动名词：做某事没用(不好)It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)It’snogoodsmokinginpublic.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.可改为:Collectingstampsishishobby.Cf.Heiscollectingstamps.(iscollecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为SVO结构)不能改为：Collectingstampsishe.②作表语：通常是说明主语的内容，注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别。2作宾语A.作及物动词的宾语(admit承认，dislike不喜欢，imagine想象，delay延迟，consider考虑，mind介意，understand理解，avoid避免，enjoy喜欢，享受，practise练习miss避免，finish完成，keep保持，suggest建议，risk冒险，stand容忍allow允许，)如：IlikeswimmingbutIdon’tliketoswiminwinter.Iprefertodriveratherthanbedriven.Ipreferdrivingto（比起）riding.Ican’tstand__withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses__talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.Towork;tostop---Thereisastoryhereinthepaperabouta110-year-oldman.---Mygoodness!Ican’timagine__thatold.A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.havingbeenHegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldnotrisk____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost3.goondoing继续做(原来的事);keepondoing不停地做；whataboutdoing做……怎么样；thinkofdoing考虑做；beinterestedindoing对做……感兴趣；havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doing做某事有困难；bebusy(in)doing忙于做；insteadofdoing做……而不做……beusedtodoing习惯于做；lookforwardtodoing盼望做；devoteone’slifetodoing致力于做；spendtime(in)doing花时间做；befondofdoing喜爱做；begoodatdoing擅长做；beproudofdoing为做……而自豪；betiredofdoing对做……感到厌倦；feellikedoing想做；leadto导致；insiston坚持要做；object反对；succeed/besuccessfulin成功地做了4.Tips:有些动词(continue继续，prefer更喜欢，begin开始，hate讨厌，憎恨，like喜欢，start开始，love喜爱)后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语，意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性，用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。有些动词，如forget，regret,remember，mean,try等，后面接动名词表示的动作发生了，不定式表示的动作还没发生。B.作介词的宾语Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithout______hisnotes.A.bringingupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingonEverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand___jokes.A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup④作定语动名词可作前置定语，表示所修饰的词的用途或目的，可用for改写；而现在分词作定语时，可用定语从句改写。swimmingpool,waitingroom,walkingstickasleepingcar=acarforsleeping用来睡觉的车asleepingchild=achildwhoissleeping正在睡觉的小孩That’sthequeen’sfull-timejob,layingeggs.这就是蚁后的专职工作——产卵。⑤作同位语①人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格，即形容词性物主代词。e.g.Hewasawakenedbysomeoneknockingatthedoor.There’snoneedforthatbeingdone.②逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时，很少用所有格，而用普通格。2.动名词的逻辑主语e.g.Doyoumindmysmokinghere?③逻辑主语是名词时，用所有格，但是如果名词为无生命物体时，则用普通格。e.g.Mary’slaughingmadeTomangry.Thereisnohopeofthefactorymakingprofit.④在口语中，动名词如果不在句首，可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格作逻辑主语。Ireallycan’tunderstand___herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating考点点拨考例回顾1.[考点]动词不定式作主语。[考例]Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness______.A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.makingD.beingmade[点拨]选B。本题考查结构Ittakes/took(sb.)+一段时间+todosth.（某人）花费时间做某事。题中connection与make之间为动宾关系，所以用不定式的被动语态。2.[考点]动词不定式作宾语。用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree，fail，offer，prepare，refuse，seek，struggle，demand，decide，promise，determine，expect，intend，learn，manage，mean，prefer，pretend等。[考例]Chinahaspromisedtoreviseitsexistingregulationsand______newpoliciesaccordingtoWTOrequirements.A.formingB.toformC.tobeformingD.haveformed[点拨]选B。动词不定式toformnewpolicies和toreviseitsexistingregulations并列作promise的宾语。3.[考点]动词不定式作补足语。[考例]Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest______inayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed[点拨]选C。tofollow为不定式短语作补语修饰therest。4.[考点]动词不定式作表语。[考例]Itremains______whetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee[点拨]选B。remain为系动词，后接不定式作表语。根据句子结构可知，it为形式主语，whether从句为真正的主语。根据句意“Jim是否适合打决赛还有待观望”可知应用不定式的被动语态。5.[考点]动词不定式作状语。[考例1]Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere______foraspaceflight.A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained[点拨]选D。作目的状语时用不定式而不用分词，故排除A、B两项；另外，he承受train这一动作，应用被动语态，故D项正确。[考例2]Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly______thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told[点拨]选B。onlyto表示意想不到的结果。不定式常表目的，但“only+不定式”则指出人意料的结果。句意为：他匆匆去了订票处，却被告知票已售光。6．[考点]不带to的动词不定式。[考例]—Excusemesir,whereisRoom301?—Justaminute.I’llhaveBob______youtoyourroom.A.showB.showsC.toshowD.showing[点拨]选A。havesb.dosth.让某人做某事。D项表示动作正在进行，不符合句意。1.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank______presentsformydad.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought本单元的重点语法是动词不定式和起名词作用的V-ing形式，以下为相关练习：2.Withtheplane______intenminutes,allthepassengersonboardwereaskedtoturnofftheirmobilephones.A.takenoffB.takingoffC.totakeoffD.wouldtakeoff3.Aftertalkingtohimonthephone,Iwonderedwhohewouldget______thecarforme.A.torepairB.repairC.repairedD.repairing4.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey______.A.havesurvivedB.surviveC.wouldsurviveD.aretosurvive5.Anumberofpaintingsinthecastle(城堡)arebelieved______inafire.A.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyedC.tobedestroyedD.tohavebeendestroyedAnswerstopage11:(1)visiting/tovisit(2)chatting/tochat(3)vi