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ReaganandBushinOffice小组成员：赵梦梦吴梦琦任飞飞刘文静万清华李国歌Contents展历程04成功模式RonaldWilsonReagan'LifeReagan'sDomesticPolicyReagan'sForeignPolicyGeorgeHerbertWalkerBushBushinOfficeRonaldWilsonReaganPresidentoftheUS(1981-1989)•HewasbornandraisedinsmalltownsinIllinois（伊利诺伊州）inFebruary6,1911.•HewaseducatedatEurekaCollege(尤里卡学院),earningaBachelor（本科）ofArtsdegreeineconomicsandsociologyin1928.罗纳德·里根的青少年时期RonaldWilsonReaganPresidentoftheUS(1981-1989)•HemovedtoHollywood（好莱坞）in1937,wherehebeganacareerasanactor,firstinfilmsandlaterintelevision.AndReaganhadworkedasasportsannouncer,lifeguard,newspapercolumnist(报社专栏作家)priortoanactor.•ReaganservedasPresidentoftheScreenActorsGuild（影视演员协会）andlaterasaspokesmanforGeneralElectric(通用电气);hisstartinpoliticsoccurredduringhisworkforG.E里根在1938年演出《布卢姆克林牛仔》（CowboyFromBrooklyn）。南希·里根珍·惠曼RonaldWilsonReaganPresidentoftheUS(1981-1989)•OriginallyamemberoftheDemocraticParty（民主党）,hispositionsbeganshiftingrightwardinthe1950s,andheswitchedtotheRepublicanParty（共和党）in1962.•Heservedasthe33rdGovernorofCalifornia（加利福尼亚州）(1967–75)priortohispresidency.•Hewasthe40thPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1981–89).罗纳德和南希·里根在洛杉矶的一间饭店庆祝州长胜选Thesituationintheworld•Risingprices,energyshortages,hostages,andsocialturmoil,fedintotherisingright-wingresurgence.物价上涨，能源短缺，人质危机和社会混乱促使右翼势力复苏。P32Thesituationintheworld•In1979,intheUniteKingdom,conservativeMargaretThatcher（玛格丽特·撒切尔）waselectedprimeminister.撒切尔夫人与她最为亲密之盟友兼好友的美国总统罗纳德·里根，P32IranhostagecrisisTheIran（伊朗）hostagecrisis,referredtowithinIranin(literally“ConquestoftheAmericanSpyDen,”),wasadiplomatic（外交官）crisisbetweenIranandtheUnitedStates.Fifty-twoAmericandiplomatsandcitizenswereheldhostagefor444days(November4,1979,toJanuary20,1981),afteragroupofIranianstudents,belongingtotheMuslim（穆斯林)StudentFollowersoftheImam‘sLine,whoweresupportingtheIranianRevolution（伊斯兰革命）,tookovertheU.S.EmbassyinTehran.PresidentJimmyCartercalledthehostages“victimsofterrorismandanarchy（无政府状态),”addingthat“theUnitedStateswillnotyieldto(屈服于)blackmail(勒索)•伊朗人质危机（Iranhostagecrisis）或称伊朗人质事件。1979年伊朗暴发伊斯兰革命后，美国驻伊朗大使馆被占领，66名美国外交官和平民被扣留为人质的一次危机。这场人质危机始于1979年11月4日，一直持续到1981年的1月20日，长达444天。很多人至今仍认为，这场人质危机导致了当时的美国总统吉米·卡特竞选连任失败，吉米·卡特说“”踏上美国领土的人质，纽约州斯图尔特空军基地机场伊朗人质危机中的美国人吉米·卡特吉米.卡特伊朗伊斯兰革命•伊朗伊斯兰革命伊朗什叶派穆斯林推翻巴列维王朝统治及在国内实行“全盘伊斯兰化”的革命，发生于1978年，至1979年2月革命胜利。它是什叶派领袖赛义德·鲁霍拉·霍梅尼领导的、以欧莱玛为核心，是反对国王推行西方化和世俗化的伊斯兰复兴运动。•伊朗伊斯兰革命损害了两国之间的外交，使美国与伊朗断绝外交关系，两国至今仍未恢复外交关系伊斯兰武装力量在街头示威ThesituationintheworldWhat’sthemeamingoftheright-wingpolitics?•Right-wingpoliticsarepoliticalpositionsoractivitiesthatviewsomeformsofsocialhierarchyorsocialinequalityaseitherinevitable,natural,normal,ordesirable,typicallyjustifyingthispositiononthebasisofnaturallawortradition.Withintheright-wingspectrum,viewsdifferonwhetherhierarchyandinequalitystemfromtraditionalsocialdifferencesorfromcompetitioninmarketeconomies.右翼、政治右派和右派是和左派相对，政治观点认为某些社会分层及社会不平等的现象是正常、自然且不可避免的一派。右派政治家一般会采取各种保守的政治立场，并且倾向于维护现存的阶级统治。里根共和党是“右派”,“保守派象征‘大象’玛格丽特·撒切尔玛格丽特·撒切尔left-rightpolitics•Inleft-rightpolitics,left-wingpoliticsarepoliticalpositionsoractivitiesthatacceptorsupportsocialequality,ofteninoppositiontosocialhierarchyandsocialinequality.Itistypicallyjustifiedonthebasisofconcernforthoseinsocietywhoareperceivedasdisadvantagedrelativetoothersandanassumptionthatthereareunjustifiedinequalitiesthatneedtobereducedorabolished•左派，又称左翼，和右派相对，在政治中通常是指支持社会平等、自由，反对社会分层、不平等和阶级统治的人或政党。左派政治家倾向于改变传统社会秩序，创造更为平等的财富和基本权利分配。“奥巴马民主党“左派”“自由派象征‘驴子’•In1980,intheUniteStates,votersoptedforthegovernorofCalifornia,afameractorinsecond-movies,acharimaticcowboywhowasthreateningwarwithIranifitdidnotreturnthehostages.RonaldReaganbeatCarterbyslandslideelectoralcollagevoteof489-49afterpromisingtoreturnAmericanstoconfidencebystressingpatriotismandrevitalizingthemilitary.在1980年，选民选举了里根，里根曾是二流（B级）电影的演员、有魅力的牛仔、加州的前州长。他声称，如果伊朗不释放人质，那他将向伊朗发动大规模战争。罗纳德.里根许诺通过强调爱国主义和振兴军事来恢复国人的信心，随后以489-49压倒性的选举团票数击败了卡特（当选总统）。P32•At69,hewastheoldestpresidentthecountryhadeverelected,hisgrandfatherlychucklecharmedvoters,andhisactingabilitygainedhimthesobriquet“theGreatCommunicator.”在他69岁那年，作为美国历史上年龄上最大的总统，他慈父般的微笑迷倒了选民，他的演讲技巧获得了“伟大的沟通者”的雅号。P32Reagan'sDomesticPolicyContensEconomicPolicySocialPolicyAmericaneconomicsituationinthe80's1.Inflationisserious.2.Thespeedofeconomicgrowthisslowingdown.3.Thelabourproductivityisdecreasing.4.Thecompetitiveadvantageofindustrialproductsisweakening.Reaganomics（里根经济学）ReaganomicsisaportmanteauwordofReaganandeconomicscreatedbyPaulHarvey.ItreferstotheeconomicpoliciescreatedbyU.S.PresidentRonaldReaganduringthe1980sandstillwidelypracticed.Thesepoliciesarecommonlyusedwithsupply-sideeconomics,referredtoastrickle-downeconomicsbypoliticalenemiesandfreemarketeconomicsbypoliticaladvocates.(供给学派经济学即清除一切供给障碍和古典自由主义哲学即自由市场机制）ThefourmainideasofReaganomicsweretoreducethegrowthofgovernmentspending,reducethefederalincometaxandcapitalgainstax,reducegovernmentregulation,andtightenthemoneysupplyinordertoreduceinflation.里根总统执政期间实行的经济政策，其主要经济措施包括削减政府预算以减少社会福利开支，控制货币供给量以降低通货膨胀，减少个人所得税和企业税以刺激投资，放宽企业管理规章条例以减少生产成本。由于里根经济政策尽可能大幅度减低高收入者和大企业的所得税率，又大幅度减少各项社会福利开支，故有人指责该政策“劫贫