SouthChinaJournalofCardiovascularDiseases,January2012,Vol18,No1doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-9688.2012.01.005··:,,,()(),,,,,、,(),,。(),,5。()。。1,、,,--(reninangiotensinaldosteronesystem,RAAS),、,,,。,,,,,。,。Framingham,2/3。2~3[1]。,524%,31%。,36%[2]。50%,[3],。2,<130/80mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)。,,、[4]。3/(ACC/AHA)2001、2007(ESC)2008、4[5-7]:A(,);B(,);C();D()。A,、()()、,(ACEI)II(ARB)。,B,,。IIβ。,,(,150001):;;:R544.1:A:1007-9688(2012)01-0012-03:,E-mail:lyqqly@vip.163.com12··CMYK20121181CD。β,。,,β,。。(CCB),,。D,3~4,。44.1(heartfailurewithnormalorpreservedejectionfraction,HFnEFHFpEF)。HFnEF。HFnEF。HFnEF,,。。HFnEF、。βHFnEF,。,。HFnEFCa2+,,。4.2(heartfailurewithreducedejectionfraction,HFrEF),、。HFrEF,。。(Val-HeFT)-(CHARM)HFrEF,HFrEF[8,9]。,HFrEF。。-(CHARM-Added)[10],、[11],。β,,,。HFrEF,,β,。(CIBIS-)、CR/XL(MERIT-HF)、(COPERNICUS)、()HFrEF34%、34%35%,[12-14]。β。,[15],,β,。,,。(EMPHASIS-HF)≤35%、(50mg/d),,HFrEF,[16]。,,>5.5mmol/L,。、13··CMYKSouthChinaJournalofCardiovascularDiseases,January2012,Vol18,No1(36),。,,,。,(),β。,,(),()。,,,HFrEF,RAAS。,,。,、。(PRAISE、V-HeFT),。,HFrEF。4.3(OPTIMIZE-HF)[17]。II(EHFSII)[18]。,,。,、、;,。,24~48h。,,。>110mmHg。。(10μg/min),50~250μg/min。72h,,,。,,,、。。,90~100mmHg,,,。。、。,。。β,β。。,,,,。:LLOYD-JONESDM,LARSONMG,LEIPEP,etal.Lifetimeriskfordevelopingcongestiveheartfailure:theFraminghamHeartStudy[J].Circulation,2002,106(24):3068-3072..[J].,2001,29(5):644-648.BAKERDW.Preventionofheartfailure[J].JCardFail.2002,8:333-46.MAKG,MURPHYNF,ALIA,etal.Multipleneurohumoralmodulatingagentsinsystolicdysfunctionheartfailure:areweloweringbloodpressuretoomuch[J].JCardFail,2008,14(7):555-560.HUNTSA,BAKERDW,CHINMH,etal.ACC/AHAGuidelinesfortheEvaluationandManagementofChronicHeartFailureintheAdult:ExecutiveSummaryAReportoftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology/AmericanHeartAssociationTaskForceonPracticeGuidelines(CommitteetoRevisethe1995GuidelinesfortheEvaluationandManagementofHeartFailure):DevelopedinCollaborationwiththeInternationalSocietyforHeartandLungTransplantation;EndorsedbytheHeartFailureSocietyofAmerica[J].Circulation,2001,104(24):2996-3007.DICKSTEINK,COHEN-SOLALA,FILIPPATOSG,etal.[1][2][3][4][5][6]14··CMYKSouthChinaJournalofCardiovascularDiseases,January2012,Vol18,No1(14)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ESCGuidelinesforthediagnosisandtreatmentofacuteandchronicheartfailure2008:theTaskForcefortheDiagnosisandTreatmentofAcuteandChronicHeartFailure2008oftheEuropeanSocietyofCardiology.DevelopedincollaborationwiththeHeartFailureAssociationoftheESC(HFA)andendorsedbytheEuropeanSocietyofIntensiveCareMedicine(ESICM)[J].EurHeartJ,2008,29(19):2388-2442.,.[J].,2007,35(12):1076-1095.COHNJN,TOGNONIG.Arandomizedtrialoftheangiotensin-receptorblockervalsartaninchronicheartfailure[J].NEnglJMed,2001,345(23):1667-1675.MCMURRAYJJ,OSTERGRENJ,SWEDBERGK,etal.Effectsofcandesartaninpatientswithchronicheartfailureandreducedleft-ventricularsystolicfunctiontakingangiotensin-converting-enzymeinhibitors:theCHARM-Addedtrial[J].Lancet,2003,362(9386):767-771.COHNJN,TOGNONIG.Arandomizedtrialoftheangiotensin-receptorblockervalsartaninchronicheartfailure[J].NEnglJMed,2001,345(23):1667-1675.PHILLIPSCO,KASHANIA,KODK,etal.Adverseeffectsofcombinationangiotensinreceptorblockersplusangiotensin-convertingenzymeinhibitorsforleftventriculardysfunction:aquantitativereviewofdatafromrandomizedclinicaltrials[J].ArchInternMed,2007,167(18):1930-1936.CIBIS-InvestigatorsandCommittees.TheCardiacInsufficiencyBisoprololStudy(CIBIS-):arandomisedtrial[J].Lancet,1999,353(9146):9-13.MERIT-HFStudyGroup.EffectofmetoprololCR/XLinchronicheartfailure:MetoprololCR/XLRandomisedInterventionTrialinCongestiveHeartFailure(MERIT-HF)[J].Lancet,1999,353(9169):2001-2007.PACKERM,COATSAJ,FOWLERMB,etal.Effectofcarvedilolonsurvivalinseverechronicheartfailure[J].NEnglJMed,2001,344(22):1651-1658.WILLENHEIMERR,VANVDJ,SILKEB,etal.Effectonsurvivalandhospitalizationofinitiatingtreatmentforchronicheartfailurewithbisoprololfollowedbyenalapril,ascomparedwiththeoppositesequence:resultsoftherandomizedCardiacInsufficiencyBisoprololStudy(CIBIS)[J].Circulation,2005,112(16):2426-2435.ZANNADF,MCMURRAYJJ,KRUMH,etal.Eplerenoneinpatientswithsystolicheartfailureandmildsymptoms[J].NEnglJMed,2011,364(1):11-21.O′CONNORCM,ABRAHAMWT,ALBERTNM,etal.Predictorsofmortalityafterdischargeinpatientshospitalizedwithheartfailure:ananalysisfromtheOrganizedProgramtoInitiateLifesavingTreatmentinHospitalizedPatientswithHeartFailure(OPTIMIZE-HF)[J].AmHeartJ,2008,156(4):662-673.NIEMINENMS,BRUTSAERTD,DICKSTEINK,etal.EuroHeartFailureSurvey(EHFS):asurveyonhospitalizedacuteheartfailurepatients:descriptionofpopulation[J].EurHeartJ,2006,27(22):2725-2736.(:2011-12-06)[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][J].,2003,11(2):71.SCHINDHELMRK,DEKKERJM,NIJPELSG,etal.Alaniniaminotransferasepredictscoronaryheartdiseaseevents:a10-year-follow-upoftheHoomStudy[J].Atheroslerosis,2007,191(2):391-396.,.L2[J].,2004,32(2):853-854.COBENDE,ANANIAFA,CHALASSNIN.Anassessmentofstatinsafetybyhepatologists[J].AmJCardio,2006,97(suppl):77C-81C.VALKONENVP,PAIVAH,SALONENJT,etal.Riskofacutecoronaryeventsandserumconcentrati