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环境相关英语词汇1.新词碳足迹carbonfootprint诺亚规则Noahrules乐活族LOHAS(LifestylesofHealthandSustainability)碳中和Carbonneutralization2.话题词汇白色污染whitepollution(byusingandlitteringofnon-degradablewhiteplastics)全球变暖globalwarming温室效应greenhouseeffect热岛效应heatislandeffect退耕还林(还草)grainforgreen可降解一次性塑料袋throwawaybio-degradableplasticbags可吸入颗粒物inhalableparticles有机污染物organicpollutants城市垃圾无害化处理率decontaminationrateofurbanrefuse垃圾填埋场refuselandfill垃圾焚化厂refuseincinerator防止过度利用森林protectforestsfromoverexploitation森林砍伐率rateofdeforestation水土流失waterandsoilerosion土壤盐碱化soilalkalization农药残留pesticideresidue水土保持conservationofwaterandsoil生态农业environment-friendlyagriculture;eco-agriculture水资源保护区waterresourceconservationzone海水淡化seawaterdesalinization保护珊瑚礁、红树林和渔业资源protectcoralreefs,mangroveandfishingresource绿化面积afforestedareas;greeningspace森林覆盖率forestcoverage防风林windbreaks防沙林sandbreaks速生林fast-growingtrees降低资源消耗率slowdowntherateofresourcedegradation开发可再生资源developrenewableresources环保产品Environmental-friendlyproducts自然保护区naturereserve野生动植物wildfaunaandflora保护生存环境conservenaturalhabitats濒危野生动物endangeredwildlife珍稀濒危物种繁育基地rareandendangeredspeciesbreedingcenter自然生态系统naturalecosystems防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙）desertification环境负荷carryingcapacityofenvironment三废综合利用multipurposeuseofthreetypesofwastes先天与后天，遗传与环境nature-nurture美化环境landscapingdesignforenvironmentalpurposes防止沿海地带不可逆转恶化protectcoastalzonesfromirreversibledegradation环境恶化environmentaldegradation城市化失控uncontrolledurbanization温饱型农业subsistenceagriculture大气监测系统atmosphericmonitoringsystem空气污染浓度airpollutionconcentration二氧化硫排放sulfurdioxide(SO2)emissions悬浮颗粒物suspendedparticles工业粉尘排放industrialdustdischarged烟尘排放sootemissions二氧化氮nitratedioxide(NO2)矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气）fossilfuels:coal,oil,andnaturalgas清洁能源cleanenergy汽车尾气排放motorvehicleexhaust尾气净化器exhaustpurifier无铅汽油lead-freegasoline厄尔尼诺南徊ENSO(ElNinoSouthernOscillation)工业废水处理率treatmentrateofindustrialeffluents城市污水处理率treatmentrateofdomesticsewage集中处理厂centralizedtreatmentplant可持续发展Sustainabledevelopment节能减排energyconservationandemissionsreduction碳汇carbonsink石油泄漏oilspill卫生填埋sanitarylandfills零散发zeroemission生态示范区eco-demonstrationregion;environment-friendlyregion国家级生态示范区NationallyDesignatedEco-DemonstrationRegion国家级园林城市NationallyDesignatedGardenCity南极生态系统Antarcticecosystem北极生态系统Arcticecosystem水生环境aquaticenvironment海平面上升sealevelrise人工影响天气weathermodification土地承载能力landcarryingcapacity土地开垦landreclamation土地恢复landrestoration土地使用分类landuseclassification砂石开采sandextraction土壤保持soilconservation土壤退化soildegradation风蚀winderosion二氧化碳carbondioxide(CO2)一氧化碳carbonmonoxide(CO)化学污染物chemicalpollutant空气质量评级airqualityrating沙尘天气sandanddustweather寒潮coldsnap冻雨icerain干旱期dryspell饮用水缺乏drinkingwatershortage人工降雨artificialprecipitation厄尔尼诺现象ELNinophenomenon拉尼娜现象LaNinaphenomenon酸雨acidrain土壤侵蚀soilerosion土壤盐碱化soilsalinization大气污染防治法airpollutionpreventionandcontrollaw空气质量指数airqualityindex人工免疫artificialimmunity海岸侵蚀coastalerosion大气颗粒物atmosphericparticulates海底生态系统benthicecosystem沿海开发coastaldevelopment沿海生态系统coastalecosystem淡水保护conservationoffreshwater商业噪音commercialnoise混合污染compositepollution工业废水industrialeffluents工业排放物industrialemissions无机污染物inorganicpollutants铅污染leadcontamination机动车辆排放物motorvehicleemissions城市废物municipalwaste汞污染mercurycontamination难降解有机污染物persistentorganicpollutants塑料废物plasticwastes医药废物pharmaceuticalwastes放射性物质radioactivesubstances热污染thermalpollution有毒物质toxicsubstances石油泄漏oilspills废金属scrapmetals隔音acousticinsulation燃料脱硫desulphurizationoffuels过滤器filters噪音治理noiseabatement污染治理设备pollutionabatementequipment废物焚烧incinerationofwaste残油回收oilresiduerecuperation污水处理系统sewagetreatmentsystems卫生填埋sanitarylandfills废物同化处置wasteassimilationcapacities废物转化技术wasteconversiontechniques废物土地处置wastedisposalintheground排放税Emissionstaxes排放权管制系统AllowanceTrackingSystem(ATS)小排量汽车small-displacement(engine)vehicles放射性废物管理radioactivewastemanagement3.环境相关会议与组织、公约联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会）UnitedNationsConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopment(UNCED)环发大会首脑会议SummitSessionofUNCED联合国环境规划署UnitedNationsEnvironmentPrograms（UNEP）国家环境保护总局StateEnvironmentalProtectionAdministration(SEPA)人与生物圈方案ManandBiosphere(MAB)Programme(UNESCO)中国21世纪议程China’sAgenda21中国生物多样性保护行动计划ChinaBiologicalDiversityProtectionActionPlan中国跨世纪绿色工程规划ChinaTrans-CenturyGreenProjectPlan关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书MontrealProtocolonSubstancesthatDepletetheOzoneLayer生物多样性公约ConventiononBiologicalDiversity防治荒漠化国际公约ConventiontoCombatDesertification气候变化框架公约UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange21世纪议程Agenda21（theinternationalplanofactionadoptedbygovernmentsin1992inRiodeJaneiroBrazil（巴西里约）,-providestheglobalconsensusontheroadmaptowardssustainabledevelopment）气候变化框架公约UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange4.环境相关节日与政策世界环境日WorldEnvironmentDay(June5theachyear)世界环境日主题WorldEnvironmentDayThemes国际生物多样性日InternationalBiodiversityDay(29December)世界水日WorldWaterDay(22March)世界气象日WorldMeteorologicalDay(23March)世界海洋日WorldOceansDay(8June)全民义务植树日NationalTree-PlantingDay预防为主、防治结合的政策policyofpreventioninthefirstplaceandintegratingpreventionwithcontrol污染者负担的政策“the-polluters-pay”policy一控双达标政策policyof“OneOrder,TwoGoals”强化环境管理的政策policyoftighteningupenvironme