非谓语动词精讲与练习

1第六章非谓语动词.........................................................................................................1一、动词不定式......................................................................................................1I.动词不定式的句法作用............................................................................................21.1EXERCISE.........................................................................................................5II.特殊不定式短语.......................................................................................................61.2EXERCISE.........................................................................................................8III.动词不定式的时态和语态........................................................................................91.3EXERCISE.......................................................................................................11二、分词....................................................................................................................13I.分词的句法作用..........................................................................................................132.1EXERCISE.......................................................................................................16II．分词的时态和语态..................................................................................................172.2EXERCISE.......................................................................................................19III.分词复合结构..........................................................................................................202.3EXERCISE.......................................................................................................21三、动名词................................................................................................................22I.动名词的句法作用................................................................................................233.1EXERCISE.......................................................................................................27II.动名词的时态和语态.............................................................................................293.2EXERCISE.......................................................................................................30III.动名词复合结构....................................................................................................313.3EXERCISE.......................................................................................................32EXERCISE（非谓语动词综合练习）..........................................................................33第六章非谓语动词一、动词不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，由不定式符号to加原形动词构成，动词不定式保留着动词的一些特征：(1)带宾语或表语。例如：IwanttowatchTV.Ihopetobeanoutstandingstudent.(2)可由状语修饰。例如：Iexpectyoutostudyhard.(3)有时态和语态的变化。例如：I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.（完成时）Thequestionstobeansweredareonpage10.（被动式）动词不定式和它的宾语，状语，或表语一起构成不定式短语。不定式或不定式短语具有名词，形容词，和副词的性质，因而可以在句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语，和状语。在不定式符号to前加上not构成不定式的否定式。例如：2Hetoldmenottotouchthewire.I.动词不定式的句法作用1.作主语Tomasteraforeignlanguageisveryimportant.Nottosmokewilldoyoualotofgood.Toobeythelawsiseveryone’sduty.动词不定式作主语时，常常用先行词it作形式主语，放在句首，将不定式移到谓语之后作实际主语。例如：ItisdifficulttoanswersuchacomplicatedquestioninEnglish.Ithasbeenpossibletosendmantospace.Ittakestheelectroniccomputeronlyafewsecondstosolvetheproblem.Example:______onlyfiveminutestofinishthetask.a.Ittookmyselfb.Itrequiredmec.Itshouldbeneedingd.Ittookme2.作表语Ourmaintaskistocarrythesebuildingmaterialstotheworksite.Themostcommonwayofgettingheatistoburnfuel.Ourgoalistoaccomplishthemodernizationofagriculture,industry,nationaldefence,andscienceandtechnology.Example:Myjob______thesechildren.a.wastolookafterb.waslookingc.istolookingafterd.haslookedafter3．作宾语在及物动词begin,cease,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,forget,happen,hate,help,hope,intend,like,love,manage,mean,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,promise,refuse,remember,try,want,wish等后边常用不定式作宾语。例如：WhendidyoubegintolearnEnglish?Onceyouturnofftheswitch,electricityceasestoflow.Hepromisedtokeepthesecretforyou.Example:Galieoplannedto______theproblem,butfailedtodoso.a.solvingb.havesolvedc.besolvedd.havebeensolvedIfyoupromise______angrywithme,I’lltellyouwhatIbroke.a.getnotb.notgetc.nottogetd.notgetting注意：当不定式作直接宾语，它后面还有宾语补足语时，需用it作形式宾语代替不定式，而把不定式放在补足语之后。例如：Ifounditdifficulttoidentifymistakes.我发现辨认错误很难。Doyouconsideritwisetoignorehim?你认为不理睬他是明智的吗？Example:Ifound_____toanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven.a.nopossibilityb.therewasimpossibilityc.impossibled.itimpossible动词不定式也可作介词but,except,save（除......以外）的宾语，但在词组cannotbut（不3由得，只好）,cannothelpbut（不得不）,donothingbut（别无它法只有......）后面，接不带to的不定式。在except,save后可带to也可不带to。例如：TheNationalGuardsmenweregivennochoicebuttoshootovertheheadsoftheunrulymob.Shedoesnothingbutcryallday.Wecannotbutbelieveintheyouthwhoisalwaystryingtoimprovehimself.Hedidnothingexceptplayalldaylong.Thereisnothingforitbuttowaitforanopportunity.Example:Hewasnoalternativebut______toseehim.a.gob.wentc.goingd.togoI_____atourteacher’sremarks.a.cannotbutwonderb.cannothelpbuttowonderc.cannotbutwond