非谓语动词要点精讲

非谓语动词要点精讲Non-infinitive(非谓语动词)1.选用正确的非谓语动词的形式——不定式,动词的Ving形式,过去分词。考虑两方面：a.非谓语动词在句中充当的成分b.谓语动词或谓语动词短语的习惯上的用法，即+todo/doing;接宾补sb./sth.(to)do/doing/done解题思路：2.正确运用非谓语动词的时态：比较谓语与非谓语动作发生的时间。3.正确运用非谓语动词的语态：a.首先了解语义b.非谓语动词与相关句子成分的关系,如：作定语—与主语及所饰名词作状语—与主语作宾补—与宾语4.非谓语动词在某些复合结构和分词独立结构的用法。a.不定式的复合结构：for/ofsb.todob.动名词的复合结构：sb.’sdoingc.with复合结构：with+n.+doing/done/todod.分词独立结构：n./pron+现在分词（Ving的各种形式）（当分词短语有它自己的主语时。）Eg.a.Thereisalotofworkformetodo.b.WouldyoumindTom(’s)openingthedoorc.Hewenttothecavewiththecandleburning.d.Theproblemhavingbeensettled,wewenthome.过去分词不定式V.-ing形式非谓语动词高考题巩固题1巩固题2不定式的作用不定式的时态和语态不定式的否定形式不定式近几年高考主要考查了不定式做宾语和表语。此外还考了不定式的时态和否定形式。不定式不定式的作用1[例1]NMET2000第19题I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…[例2]NMET1999第21题Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式不定式的作用1因为主语是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故选B。不定式的时态和语态2[例3]NMET1997第12题Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式该题考查动词不定式做宾语的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。[例4]NMET2002第14题Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.(2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen例如：ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult.B不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动.不定式不定式的否定形式3[例5]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，①warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用①结构另外，not应放在to之前。在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear;一感feel;半帮help等）须接不带to的不定式做宾补。但变被动时要加to1.作状语2.作定语3.作表语4.作补语过去分词过去分词过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。1.作状语[例1]NMET1996第23题_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,按句子提供的语境可用结构B.过去分词2.作定语[例2]NMET1997第17题TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A是正确的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.过去分词3.作表语[例3]NMET1998第23题Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.过去分词4.作补语该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。theplan与carryout的关系是被动关系。seesth.done这结构常见的还有watch(notice,observe,have和make)sth.done.[例4]NMET2000第22题Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutCV.-ing形式[例]NMET1998Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAMakingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed1.Friendshipislikemoney：easiermadethan______(‘03上海春)A．keptB．tobekeptC．keepingD．beingkept2.____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement．A．ThepresidentwillattendB．Thepresidenttoattend(‘03上海春)C．ThepresidentattendedD．Thepresident'sattending3.Unless___tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference．A．invitedB．invitingC．beinginvitedD．havinginvited(‘03上春)4.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole______inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive．(‘03上海春)A．tohaveplayedB．toplayC．tobeplayedD．tobeplayingADAB5.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking6.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented8.---Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.---That’sallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding10.Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET9434)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written12.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.(NMET9526)A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.(NMET9535)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto14.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---____hernewbicycle.(97上海13)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing15.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.(97上海12)A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.