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中华人民共和国宪法CONSTITUTIONOFTHEPEOPLE'SREPUBLICOFCHINA（一九八二年十二月四日第五届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过）(AdoptedattheFifthSessionoftheFifthNationalPeople'sCongressandpromulgatedforimplementationbytheProclamationoftheNationalPeople'sCongressonDecember4,1982)目录Contents序言Preamble第一章总纲ChapterIGeneralPrinciple第二章公民的基本权利和义务ChapterIITheFundamentalRightsandDutiesofCitizens第三章国家机构ChapterIIITheStructureoftheState第一节全国人民代表大会Section1TheNationalPeople'sCongress第二节中华人民共和国主席Section2ThePresidentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina第三节国务院Section3TheStateCouncil第四节中央军事委员会Section4TheCentralMilitaryCommission第五节地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府Section5TheLocalPeople'sCongressesandLocalPeople'sGovernmentsatVariousLevels第六节民族自治地方的自治机关Section6TheOrgansofSelf-GovernmentofNationalAutonomousAreas第七节人民法院和人民检察院Section7ThePeople'sCourtsandthePeople'sProcuratorates第四章国旗、国徽、首都ChapterIVTheNationalFlag,theNationalEmblemandtheCapital序言Preamble中国是世界上历史最悠久的国家之一。中国各族人民共同创造了光辉灿烂的文化，具有光荣的革命传统。Chinaisacountrywithoneofthelongesthistoriesintheworld.ThepeopleofallofChina'snationalitieshavejointlycreatedacultureofgrandeurandhaveagloriousrevolutionarytradition.一八四0年以后，封建的中国逐渐变成半殖民地、半封建的国家。中国人民为国家独立、民族解放和民主自由进行了前仆后继的英勇奋斗。After1840,feudalChinawasgraduallyturnedintoasemi-colonialandsemi-feudalcountry.TheChinesepeoplewagedmanysuccessiveheroicstrugglesfornationalindependenceandliberationandfordemocracyandfreedom.二十世纪，中国发生了翻天覆地的伟大历史变革。GreatandearthshakinghistoricalchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthe20thcentury.一九一一年孙中山先生领导的辛亥革命，废除了封建帝制，创立了中华民国。但是，中国人民反对帝国主义和封建主义的历史任务还没有完成。TheRevolutionof1911,ledbyDr.SunYat-sen,abolishedthefeudalmonarchyandgavebirthtotheRepublicofChina.ButthehistoricmissionoftheChinesepeopletooverthrowimperialismandfeudalismremainedunaccomplished.一九四九年，以主席为领袖的中国共产党领导中国各族人民，在经历了长期的艰难曲折的武装斗争和其他形式的斗争以后，终于推翻了帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义的统治，取得了新民主主义革命的伟大胜利，建立了中华人民共和国。从此，中国人民掌握了国家的权力，成为国家的主人。Afterwagingprotractedandarduousstruggles,armedandotherwise,alongazigzagcourse,theChinesepeopleofallnationalitiesledbytheCommunistPartyofChinawithChairmanMaoZedongasitsleaderultimately,in1949,overthrewtheruleofimperialism,feudalismandbureaucrat-capitalism,wonagreatvictoryintheNew-DemocraticRevolutionandfoundedthePeople'sRepublicofChina.SincethentheChinesepeoplehavetakencontrolofstatepowerandbecomemastersofthecountry.中华人民共和国成立以后，我国社会逐步实现了由新民主主义到社会主义的过渡。AfterthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublic,ChinagraduallyachieveditstransitionfromaNew-Democratictoasocialistsociety.生产资料私有制的社会主义改造已经完成，人剥削人的制度已经消灭，社会主义制度已经确立。Thesocialisttransformationoftheprivateownershipofthemeansofproductionhasbeencompleted,thesystemofexploitationofmanbymanabolishedandthesocialistsystemestablished.工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政，实质上即无产阶级专政，得到巩固和发展。Thepeople'sdemocraticdictatorshipledbytheworkingclassandbasedontheallianceofworkersandpeasants,whichisinessencethedictatorshipoftheproletariat,hasbeenconsolidatedanddeveloped.中国人民和中国人民解放军战胜了帝国主义、霸权主义的侵略、破坏和武装挑衅，维护了国家的独立和安全，增强了国防。TheChinesepeopleandtheChinesePeople'sLiberationArmyhavedefeatedimperialistandhegemonistaggression,sabotageandarmedprovocationsandhavetherebysafeguardedChina'snationalindependenceandsecurityandstrengtheneditsnationaldefence.经济建设取得了重大的成就，独立的、比较完整的社会主义工业体系已经基本形成，农业生产显著提高。教育、科学、文化等事业有了很大的发展，社会主义思想教育取得了明显的成效。广大人民的生活有了较大的改善。Majorsuccesseshavebeenachievedineconomicdevelopment.Anindependentandrelativelycomprehensivesocialistsystemofindustryhasbasicallybeenestablished.Therehasbeenamarkedincreaseinagriculturalproduction.Significantadvanceshavebeenmadeineducational,scientificandculturalundertakings,whileeducationinsocialistideologyhasproducednoteworthyresults.Thelifeofthepeoplehasimprovedconsiderably.中国新民主主义革命的胜利和社会主义事业的成就，都是中国共产党领导中国各族人民，在马克思列宁主义、思想的指引下，坚持真理，修正错误，战胜许多艰难险阻而取得的。今后国家的根本任务是集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设。中国各族人民将继续在中国共产党领导下，在马克思列宁主义、思想指引下，坚持人民民主专政，坚持社会主义道路，不断完善社会主义的各项制度，发展社会主义民主，健全社会主义法制，自力更生，艰苦奋斗，逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为高度文明、高度民主的社会主义国家。BoththevictoryinChina'sNew-DemocraticRevolutionandthesuccessesinitssocialistcausehavebeenachievedbytheChinesepeopleofallnationalities,undertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheguidanceofMarxism-LeninismandMaoZedongThought,byupholdingtruth,correctingerrorsandsurmountingnumerousdifficultiesandhardships.Thebasictaskofthenationintheyearstocomeistoconcentrateitseffortonsocialistmodernization.UndertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheguidanceofMarxism-LeninismandMaoZedongThought,theChinesepeopleofallnationalitieswillcontinuetoadheretothepeople'sdemocraticdictatorshipandthesocialistroad,steadilyimprovesocialistinstitutions,developsocialistdemocracy,improvethesocialistlegalsystem,andworkhardandself-reliantlytomodernizethecountry'sindustry,agriculture,nationaldefenceandscienceandtechnologystepbysteptoturnChinaintoasocialistcountrywithahighlevelofcultureanddemocracy.在我国，剥削阶级作为阶级已经消灭，但是阶级斗争还将在一定范围内长期存在。中国人民对敌视和破坏我国社会主义制度的国内外的敌对势力和敌对分子，必须进行斗争。Theexploitingclassesassuchhavebeenabolishedinourcountry.However,classstrugglewillcontinuetoexistwithincertainboundsforalongtimetocome.TheChinesepeoplemustfightagainstthoseforcesandelements,bothathomeandabroad,thatarehostiletoChina's