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Module6OldandNewGrammar1.Learntheattributiveclauses.2.Learnsomelanguagepoints.Learningaims有部分课件由于控制文件大小，内容不完整，请联系购买完整版试比较：1.ThisistheplacewhereIlivedtenyearsago.Theschool,whereIoncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.2.HeisamanwhoIcanaskforhelp.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.Leading-in限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。GRAMMAR1Non-definingattributiveclauses1.非限制性定语从句位于名词之后，不作限定性描述，仅作说明和补充，通常用逗号隔开。Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggestedstoppingatthenexttown.彼得开了整整一天车，他建议在下一个城镇停留。Shegavemethisdictionary,whichshehadboughtinthebookshop.她送给我的这本词典，是她在书店买的。2.在限制性定语从句中，如果关系代词在从句中作宾语，常可省略。非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略，不能用that引导。关系代词跟在介词之后不能省略。1)Theletterwhich/thatIreceivedwasfromBen.=Theletter______________wasfromBen.2)Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tapersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.=…,therewasn’taperson________________shecouldturntoforhelp.Ireceivedwhom/who/不填3.关系代词as可引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句的意思,其位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中、句末;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后。Asweallknow,Englishiseasytolearn.English,asweallknow,iseasytolearn.Hefailedtheexam,whichmadehisfatherangry.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句类别意义功能形式关系代词,副词限制性定语从句起限定作用,若省略,原句意义不完整修饰先行词通常紧接先行词后,无逗号关系词可由that代替，也可省略非限制性定语从句补充说明,若省去,不影响句意修饰先行词或整句有逗号与主句隔开关系词不可由that代替,也不能省略【高考链接】1.（2015•福建高考）ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,_______showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which【解题关键】根据句子结构可知空格后的句子是对空格前的句子的解释说明，是非限制性定语从句。which指代前面的整个句子。2.（2015•江苏高考）Thenumberofsmokers,____isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.A.itB.whichC.whatD.as【解题关键】句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年内下降了17%。as引导定语从句，表示“正如”。which引导非限制性定语从句时，不放在句中。GRAMMAR2ContractionofattributiveclausesReadthesentencesandfindoutthemeaningofthemandunderlinetherelativeclauses.1.Imetamanmygrandfatherworkedwiththirtyyearsago.2.Imetamanwhomygrandfatherworkedwiththirtyyearsago.3.Iwantedtovisitthehousethatmygrandparentslivedin.4.ThebuswhichItookbacktomybirthplacewasfullofvisitorsfromotherpartsofChina.Summary当引导定语从句的关系代词充当宾语时，可以省略。当引导定语从句的关系代词充当主语时，则不能省略。Rulesofthecontractionofattributiveclauses.有些定语从句可以缩略为各种短语，如分词短语、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语及动词不定式短语等，且句意不受影响。我们称这一语法现象为定语从句的缩略。缩略为分词短语：1.有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的关系代词（who,which,that）和部分谓语（am,is,are,was,were）等，使之缩略为现在分词短语或过去分词短语作后置定语。(1)Iknowthemen(whoare)sittinginthatcar.我认识坐在那辆汽车里的那些人。(2)Theboyshelpedthepeople(thatwere)hurtintheaccident.那些男孩子救助了事故中受伤的人们。(3)Theproblem(whichis)botheringeverybodyisthelackofmoney.令大家麻烦的问题是缺少资金。(4)Thebook(thathasbeen)giventohimisanEnglishnovel.给他的那本书是一部英语小说。2.有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为分词。这类定语从句一般缩略为现在分词短语，且在缩略时要考虑现在分词的时态和语态特征。例如：(1)Themanwhoownsthatcarwillbefinedforillegalparking.→Themanowningthatcarwillbefinedforillegalparking.那辆汽车的主人将因违章停车而被处以罚款。(2)Bill,whohadtakenchemistryinhighschool,offeredtohelphim.→Bill,havingtakenchemistryinhighschool,offeredtohelphim.比尔在高中学过化学，他主动提出帮助他。LanguagePointsmakesense讲得通;有意义;有道理Ifyoutakeawaytheattributiveclauses,dothesentencesstillmakesense?如果你把定语从句拿掉，这些句子仍然有意义吗？Whathesaiddoesn’tmakeanysense.他说的话毫无意义。Itmakesgoodsensethattheykeepcattleonthehillside.他们在山坡上养牛很有道理。【知识拓展】makealotof/some/nosense很有/有一定/没有道理makesenseof...弄懂，理解（主语常为人）ina/somesense从某种意义上讲innosense/way绝不thereisnosenseindoingsth.做某事毫无道理Idon’tmakesenseofwhatshesaid.我不理解她的话。Thissentencemakesnosense.这个句子没有意义。Thereisnosenseinworryingaboutthepast.为过去的事情担忧是毫无意义的。【即学即练】Thissentencejustdoesn’tmakeany______,nomatterhowyoureadit.A.meaningB.importanceC.senseD.value【解题关键】句意：无论你怎样读这个句子，它就是没有任何意义。makesense有意义。Classexercises1.（2014·天津高考)Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,usesitdifferently.A.allofwhichB.eachofwhichC.allofthemD.eachofthem2.(2014·四川高考)Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,isquiteunexpected.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.it3.(2014·浙江高考)Ididn’tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.why4.（2013·辽宁高考）Hemaywinthecompetition,_____heislikelytogetintothenationalteam.A.inwhichcaseB.inthatcaseC.inwhatcaseD.inwhosecase5.（2013·新课标全国卷I）“Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,”_______.A.asthesayinggoesoldB.goesastheoldsayingC.astheoldsayinggoesD.goesasoldthesaying【解题关键】查as引导非限制性定语从句。句意：常言道：“人不可貌相。”as引导非限制性定语从句时，从句用正常语序，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。astheoldsayinggoes是固定表达，表示“常言道，俗话说”。6.（2013·山东高考）Thereisnosimpleanswer,_____isoftenthecaseinscience.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where【解题关键】考查定语从句。句意：没有一个简单的答案，这在科学领域里是常有的事。此句是非限制性定语从句，并且从句中缺少主语，所以选A。as在从句中作主语，意为“正如，正像”。HomeworkMakeasummaryoftheuseoftheAttributiveClauses.Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthy,andwise.早睡早起，富裕、聪明、身体好。