语言学

1外国语学院2006级教育硕士普通语言学试题2008-1-21I.MultipleChoices:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(10%)1.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are______.A.gradableoppositesB.relationaloppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis______.A.arbitraryB.non-arbitraryC.logicalD.non-productive3._________isthatpartofthewordthatcarriesthefundamentalmeaningbuthastobeusedincombinationwithothermorphemestomakewords.A.FreerootB.BoundrootC.MorphemeD.Boundmorpheme4.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa_______study.A.comparativeB.descriptiveC.up-to-dateD.diachronic5.Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,is________phonetics.A.auditoryB.acousticC.articulatoryD.noneoftheabovethree6.Whattheelement‘-es’indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement‘-ed’pasttense,and‘-ing’progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso_________.A.phonemesB.MorphemesC.allophonesD.phones7.Themostimportantadvocatorofgenerativeapproachis______.A.NoamChomskyB.F.deSaussureC.LeonardBloomfieldD.EdwardSapir8.Thestudyofhowwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalled________.A.phoneticsB.morphologyC.syntaxD.semantics9.“Sweets”and“candy”areusedrespectivelyinBritaininandAmerica,butrefertothesamething.Thewordsare_______synonyms.A.collocationalB.dialectalC.completeD.stylistic10.Theword“lab”isformedthrough_________.A.backformationB.blendingC.clippingD.derivationII.DecidewhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEandwhichisFALSE.(10%)()1.Theconceptualistviewofmeaningholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreference,i.e.betweenlanguageandthought.()2.Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesentencepatternsofalanguage.()3.Broadtranscriptionisintendedtoindicateonlythosesoundswhicharecapableofdistinguishingonewordfromanotherinagivenlanguage.Itiswrittenwithinslantingbrackets.()4.Compoundsarewordscreatedbycombiningtwoormorethantwowords.()5.Morphisthephoneticrealizationofamorphemeorthephonologicalrepresentationofamorpheme.()6.Therepresentativeapproachestosyntaxarethetraditionalapproach,thestructuralapproach,thegenerativeapproachandthefunctionalapproach.2()7.Immediateconstituentanalysismaybedefinedas:theanalysisofasentenceintermsofitsimmediateconstituents---wordgroups(orphrases),whichareinturnanalyzedintotheimmediateconstituentsoftheirown,andtheprocessgoesonuntiltheultimateconstituentsarereached.()8.ConversationparticipantsnearlyalwaysobservetheCPandthemaximsoftheCP.()9.Intheproductionofvowels,theairstreammeetsthesamekindofobstructionasintheproductionofconsonants.()10.SimilartoChomsky’sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleisthedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformanceproposedbySaussure.III.Finishthefollowingitemsaccordingtotherequirements(50%)1.Nametheunderlinedconsonantsineachofthefollowingwords(10%)voicingplaceofarticulationmannerofarticulationvoiced/voiceless(bilabial,labiodental,dental,alveolar,post-alveolar,palatal,velar,glottal)(stop,nasal,fricative,semi-vowel,lateral,affricate)adderbrothersunnyhopperitchinglodgercallingmonthsingingutter2.Pleaseidentifytheword-formationprocesses(insomecasesmorethanone)involvedinproducingtheitalicizedformsinthefollowingsentences.(10%)1).Anothercarjackinghasjustbeenreported.2).ACoke,please!3).Therearemanyskyscrapersinourcity.4).Wehaveabrunchat10:00inthemorning.5).Shielwantstobeafootballer.6).MarybabysitsatMr.Smith’sonweekends.7).Thereisagasstationatthecornerofthestreet.8).DidyoulistentoBBCnewslastnight?9).Wehavecroissantandmilkatbreakfast.10).Theymetinamotel.3.ExaminethefollowingwordsfromMichoacanAztec.(10%)nokali“myhouse”nokalimes“myhouses”mokali“yourhouse”3ikali“hishouse”kalimes“houses”mopelo“yourdog”mopelomes“yourdogs”ipelo“hisdog”nokwahmili“mycornfield”molwahmili“yourcornfield”ikwahmili“hiscornfield”()1.Themorphememeaning“house”wouldbe______.a.kalb.kalic.kalimd.ikale.ka()2.Thewordmeaning“cornfields”is______.a.kwahmilimesb.nokwahmilimesc.nokwahmilid.kwahmilie.ikwahmilimes()3.Thewordmeaning“hisdog”wouldbe______.a.pelosb.Ipelomesc.Ipelosd.Mopeloe.pelomes()4.Ifthewordmeaning“friend”:inthislanguageismahkwa,thenthewordmeaning“myfriends”wouldbe______.a.momahkwab.imahkwasc.momahkwamesd.momahkwaese.nomahkwames()5.Thewordmeaning“dog”inthislanguageis_______.a.pelob.Perroc.Pelid.Pele.Mopel4.Identifythesenserelationsbetweenthefollowingpairsoflinguisticitems.(10%)1).shallow/deep2).wife/husband3).move/run4).a.ThekingofFranceisbald.b.ThereisakingofFrance.5).a.Thatpersonisabachelor.b.Thatpersonisaman.5.Whatkindofinferenceisinvolvedininterpretingtheseutterances.(4%)1)a.CanIlookatyourChomsky?b.Sure,it’sontheshelfoverthere.2)Intherestaurant,onewaiterasksanother:Where’sthefreshsaladsitting?6.Foreachofthefollowingsentences,(i)identifyitssentenceform,and(ii)saywhetheritisadirectorindirectspeechact.(6%)1)Givemethemustard!2)Canyoupassmethesalt?3)It’ssocoldhere.IV.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.