非谓语动词之动名词一定义动名词,就是动词后加ing的形式,即doingsth.它的作用相当于一个名词,所以叫做“动名词”。动名词的否定形式在动名词前加not。二.动名词ing形式的变化规则。1.一般在词尾直接加ing。2.以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e再加ing。3.以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音的动词,要双写最后一个字母后加ing。4.少数以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加ing。三作用一)作主语1.动名词用作主语,谓语动词用单数。.ReadingFrenchiseasierthanspeakingit.阅读法文比讲法语容易。Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.和他说话等于对牛弹琴。Smokingcancausecancer.吸烟会致癌。Growingrosesisherhobby.种玫瑰是她的爱好。2.有时it作形式主语,把动名词主语放在句子后面。It’sniceseeingyouagain.再次见到你太好了。Itwastiringdrivingfrommorningtillnight.从早到晚开车很累人。It’sawondermeetingyouhere.在这里碰到你真是奇迹。Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.看那本书是浪费时间。3.动名词的复合结构作主语当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。注意比较下面两个句子的区别与联系:Idon’tmindsmokinghere.Idon’tmindhissmokinghere.注意:在口语中,如果动名词复合结构作宾语,其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替,但在句首做主语时不能这样来代替。【例题】翻译句子(需包含动名词相关形式):①介意我用下你的电脑吗??②爸爸坚决要求他的儿子上大学。.③玛丽病了,使她妈妈很着急。.④他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。.4.动名词和动词不定式作主语的区别:动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;不定式多用来表示具体的动作或行为,往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。比较以下句子:Savingmoneyisagoodhabit.Tosavemoneyisnoteasyforme.二)作宾语1.下列动词之后只能跟动名词作宾语。想要feellike完成finish练习practice喜欢enjoy保持keep考虑consider介意mind承认admit否认deny建议suggest避免avoid想象imagine值得beworth禁不住can’thelp忙bebusy后悔regret坚持insiston放弃giveup2.介词before/after/while/without等后要跟doing形式.Heleftwithoutsayingaword.3.以下以介词结尾的短语后面begoodat/dowellin擅长于beafraidof担心befondof/bekeenon喜欢betiredof厌倦lookforwardto盼望;payattentionto注意;beusedto习惯于;beusedfor被用于;preferdoingtodoing喜欢...而不喜欢...beinterestedin(haveinterestin)对...感兴趣thanksfor感谢howabout/whataboutdoing做什么事情怎么样三)作定语动名词作定语表示其修饰的名词的性质,或用途或功能.两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。但可以改为一个for加动名词的短语。swimmingpool=apoolforswimming游泳池drinkingwater饮用水waitingroom候车室sleepingbag睡袋sleepingpill安眠药writingdesk写字桌writingpaper信纸operatingtable手术台readingroom阅览室playingground运动场washingmachine洗衣机washingpowder洗衣粉四)作表语Herhobbyispainting.她的爱好是绘画。Herjobwastendingthesheep.她的工作是放羊。Themainthingisgettingthereintime.首要的事是及时到达那里。四动名词的习惯用法:1.Itisnouse/good/need+doing,做...没用/不好/没必要Itisnouse/good/needmakinganexcuseforthis.为此找借口是没用的/不好的/没必要的。2.havedifficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing,做...有困难havefun(in)doing做…很好玩Wehavegreatdifficultyinsolvingtheproblem.我们在解决这一问题时碰到了大难题。3以time为中心的词组后接动名词①haveagood/hardtime(in)+doing过得很艰难/玩得很开心②spend/wastetimedoing花时间/浪费时间做某事Wehadagoodtimeplayinggamestogether.OnSundayIalwaysspendalotoftimehelpingmymothertodohousework.4.go+doing:动词go常与一些表示运动或休闲的动名词连用表示进行某项活动。Goboating/sightseeing/shopping/swimming/skating/climbing去划船/观光/购物/游泳/溜冰/爬山5.动词do常与一些表示室内活动的动名词连用表示进行某项活动Do(some)cooking/cleaning/reading/sewing//shopping/washing做饭/打扫/读书/做针线活/购物/洗衣服6.在allow,advise,permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时用动名词,如果后面已有名词或代词作宾语,后面就只能再跟动词做宾语补足语。allow/advise/permitdoingallow/advise/permitsbtodosthWedon’tallowsmoking/studentstosmokehere.7.need/want/require后接doing“表示某事需要被做”,也可以用不定式的被动结构tobedoneTheflowersneedwatering.Theflowersneedtobewatered.8.表示“一感(feel)二听(hear,listento)四看(see,watch,lookat,notice)”的词。后加省去to的不定式作宾语补足语,表示经常发生的动作或动作的全过程。后加doing形式做宾语补主语,表示动作正在发生。9.keep/prevent/stopsb/sthfromdoing阻止某人/某物做…其中prevent和stop之后的from可以省去,而keep后的不可省。TheGreenGreatWallkeepsthewindfromblowingawaythesoilandsand.10.用于“Therebe”结构中。Thereisaboyswimmingintheriver.11.用于布告形式的省略结构中。禁止吸烟NoSmoking!禁止停车NoParking!五以下动词既可以加不定式,也可以加动名词,但表达的意义不一样。1.forgettodo忘记去做某事(没有做)forgetdoing忘记做了某事(做了)2.remembertodo记得要做(没有做)rememberdoing记得做过(做了)3.stoptodo停下来去做另外一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事4.trytodo尽力做某事trydoing尝试做某事5.meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味着做某事6.like/lovetodo喜欢做某事(一时的选择)like/lovedoing爱好做某事(一向的习惯)7.goon/continuetodo继续去做另一件事goon/continuedoing继续去做同一件事动名词练习题(一)一.单项选择。1.Itwasgreatfun_____apicniconthehill.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had2.Hisfatheragreed____$4,000forthecar.A.withpayingB.topayingC.topayD.onpaying3.Todayweusemachines_____usdomostofourwork.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped4.Shepreferredme_____there.A.tostayB.wouldstayC.IstayD.stay5.We’regoingtohelp_____thetrees.A.wateredB.wateringC.towateringD.water6.TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom_____theearthaway.A.blowB.toblowC.blowingD.blew7._____isbadforourhealth.A.DoingeyeexercisesB.GotobedearlyC.EatingtoomuchD.Takingawalk8.WuDongisgoodat_____English.A.speakB.speaksC.speakingD.Spoke9.Mostofthechildrenenjoy_____computergames.A.playB.playingC.playedD.toplay10.Whatafineday!Howabout_____outforawalk?A.goB.togoC.goneD.Going11.Marywent_____aftershefinished_____herwork.A.swim;doingB.toswim;todoC.toswim;doingD.swimming;todo12.Wouldyoumind_____thewindow,please?It’scoldoutside.A.tocloseB.closingC.closedD.close13.Afridgeisusedfor_____vegetableandfoodcool.A.keptB.keepingC.tokeepD.keeps14.Thefarmersonthefarmarebusy_____applesonthetrees.A.pickingB.topickC.pickD.picked15.Whenclassbegan,westopped_____totheteachercarefully.A.listeningB.listenC.listensD.tolisten16.Iusuallyforget_____thedoor,butIremembered_____itwhenIleftyesterday.A.closing;closingB.toclose;tocloseC.closing;tocloseD.toclose;closing17.—Whereismypassport?Iremember________ithere.—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Remember____________itwithyouallthetime.A.toput;totakeB.putting;takingC.putting;totakeD.toput;taking18.Afterfinishinghishomeworkhewenton_______alettertohispa