教师招聘考试：中小学英语教师基础知识资料三

黑龙江中公教育：中公网校：edu.offcn.com黑龙江中公教育官方微博:教师招聘考试：中小学英语教师基础知识资料三三、代词(一)知识概要英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表人称我你他她它我们你们他们主格iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表人称我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsoursyourthey名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词可见下表人称我你他她它我们你们他们反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselfthemselves指示代词主要有this,that,these,those疑问代词有：who,whomwhose,what,which,还有疑问副词when,how,where,why。不定代词在初中课本中主要有some,any，many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either…(二)正误辨析[误]Tom'smotheristallerthanmy.[正]Tom'smotheristallerthanmine.[析]形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如：mybook，而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是mymother,也就是mine。[误]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishthem.[正]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishit.[析]在应用代词时，要注意人称，格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework，所以应用it。黑龙江中公教育：中公网校：edu.offcn.com黑龙江中公教育官方微博:[误]Heandyoushouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.[正]Youandheshouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.[析]这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you,he,she,I,而复数时为we,you，they:如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：Heandshe…如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用，I,he,she,you,复数时用They,you，we,如：TomandIaregoodfriends.You,heandImustgotoplaythegameforourteamthisafternoon.We,youandtheyhavebeentherebefore.I,heandyouhavetopayforit.[误]Heorhisbrotherisdoingtheirhomework.[正]Heorhisbrotherisdoinghishomework.[析]由either…or,neither…nor,or连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词，如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如：Eitherteachersorstudentswanttodotheirbesttohelptheoldman.如是一单一复两名词时，一般将单数名词放在前，复数名词放在后，要用复数代词，如：Theteacherorhisstudentswillcleantheirclassroomtogether.[误]Hisbrotheristallerthanhim.[正]Hisbrotheristallerthanhe.[析]than是连词，其后应视为省略句，thanheis.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。Ilikeyouasmuchasshe.[正]Ilikeyouasmuchasher.[析]as…as其后也应看作是省略句。应为asIlikeher.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。[误]Myselfdidityesterday.[正]Imyselfdidityesterday.[正]Ididitmyselfyesterday.[析]反身代词不可作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语。[误]Takecareofourselves.[正]Takecareofyourselves.(yourself)[析]祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you.黑龙江中公教育：中公网校：edu.offcn.com黑龙江中公教育官方微博:[误]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyourself.[正]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyou.[析]反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，如：Theoldwomanspoketoherself.[误]Makeyourselfhome.[正]Makeyourselfathome.[析]这是英语中的习惯用法，意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有：enjoyoneself玩得开心makeyourselfathome像在家中一样helpyourselftosomething自己拿某物lostoneself迷路seatoneself就坐dressoneself穿衣[误]—Who'sthisspeaking.—That'sMary.[正]—Who'sthatspeaking.—ThisisMary.[析]在电话用语中，this指讲话人自己，而that指对方。[误]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthisinwinter.[正]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.[析]在比较句中往往为了避免重复，可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物，如是单数时用that,复数时用those，如：TheweatherinBeijingishotterthanthatinChangChun.[误]Itissoagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.[正]Itissuchagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.[正]Itissogoodabookthateveryonelikestoread.[析]在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句，也可用such+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时，只用such,如：ItissuchgoodweatherthatIwanttogoswimming.TheyaresuchgoodbooksthatIwanttobuythemall.在many,much,few,little这4个词前仅能用so,如：Shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyeverythingshewants.而在so与that之间仅存形容词时，则不能用such,如:Sheissosweetthateveryonelikesher.[误]Iwanttobuyasamedictionaryasyours.[正]Iwanttobuythesamedictionaryasyours.[析]same与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有allthesame(仍然)。[误]—Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.—Idon'thopeso.黑龙江中公教育：中公网校：edu.offcn.com黑龙江中公教育官方微博:[正]—Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.—Ihopenot.[析]在作肯定回答时，Ithinkso.Ihopeso.Ibelieveso.但作否定回答时为：Idon'tthinkso.Ihope/believenot.[误]—Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Soshedid.[正]—Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Sodidshe.[误]—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soisit.[正]—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soitis.[析]在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语，这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句，即studiedhard既适用于he,也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复，即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为：英语难学。答语为：是的，难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。[误]Everyoneshoulddoone'sbest.[正]Everyoneshoulddohisbest.[析]one作代词时，它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是one's，反身代词为oneself.如果讲Oneshoulddoone'sbest.则是对句。如果one与别的词组成其他词，如：someone,anyone,everyone或onlyone则要用his/her，来作其所有格形式。[误]—Whowonthegame?—None.[正]—Whowonthegame?—Noone.[析]由who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是noone,而由Howmany提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.如：Howmanybooksarethere?None.[误]Therearemanytreesoneithersidesofthestreet.[正]Therearemanytreesoneithersideofthestreet.[正]Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.[析]either作代词时由两个含意，其一是两者中随便哪一个，如：Youcantakeeither.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数名词，如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。[误]EitheryouorIareright.[正]EitheryouorIamright.[析]在either…or,或neither…nor连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。[误]Ihavethreesisters.Neitherofthemisadoctor.黑龙江中公教育：中公网校：edu.offcn.com黑龙江中公教育官方微博:[正]Ihavethreesisters.Noneofthemisadoctor.[析]neither用于两者中无一是，而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。[误]Hedoesn'tlikeBeijingopera.Idon'tliketoo.[正]Hedoesn'tlikeBeijingopera,Idon'tlikeeither.[析]either作为“也”讲时，要用于否定句中，而too则用于肯定句中。[误]Welikeboththislittleboy.[正]Webothlikethislittleboy.[析]both作同位语时，它在句中的位置有：在be动词之后，如：Wearebothstud