高中英语必修四第一单元单词短语和重点语法项目详解:

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新人教高中课本英语必修4单元单词短语和重点语法项目详解:必修4Unit1Warmup:1.achieve,v,取得,获得,名词:achievement,achieveones(goal,dream,success)achievegreatsuccess.取得巨大成功。2..aconnectionbetweenAandBA与B之間的关系haveadirectclosestrongcollectionwithsth与某事有着--样的联系Inconnectionwith关于,有关connectto/with….和有关联。回忆:必修一中:beconcernedabout….对…关注,关切。已及concernoneselfwith…对….有兴趣。3behavev,名词:behavior;example:Howisthevehiclebehaving?这辆车表现如何?.behave+advtosb对某人表现{oneself守规矩,表现得体。Well/badly表现好/差beonone'sgood/bestbehavior举止规矩putsbonhisbestbehavior规劝或警告某人要规规矩矩。感官动词;4.observe+sbdoingsth观察某人在做某事。sbdosth观察某人做了某事。sth观察某事物that观察到4.show/haverespectforsb尊敬某人losetherespectforsb失去------的尊敬respectoneself自尊respectsbfor…..因------而尊重某人。respectsbas…..尊称某人为-------5.arguewithsbaboutoversth同某人辩论某事。argue+that---从句主张,认为--------argueforagainst…为支持、反对----而辩论arguesbinto/outofdoing说服某人做、不做某事。6.inspiresbtodosth鼓励、激励某人做某事。sbwithsth、sthinsb激起,引起某人7.insupportof支持inchargeof负责infavorof赞同in(great)needof(急)需要inplaceof代替inmemoryof为了纪念inhonorof为了纪念8.moveoff离开,驶离。setoffforsp.出发去。moveaway搬走,movein搬进新居moveon继续前行moveover挪动,让位。moveoutoff搬出去,迁走,撤出moveup挪动,靠拢,升迁。9.lead/livea…life过着------样的生活。10.crowdin(onsb)/crowdintoone’smind涌上心头,涌入脑海11.intendtodosth打算做某事intendsbtodosth打算让某人做某事intendedtohavedonesth本想做某事而没做。=hadintendedtodosth原打算做某事而没做。beintendedfor------为-------而打算(或设计)的。beintendedtodosth打算做某事(表状态)12.withoutintention无意地13.havesthoutofconsideration对某事不予考虑,忽视某事take-----intoconsideration考虑到,顾及inconsiderationof作为------的报酬、考虑到---------on/undernoconsideration决不,(在句首,部分倒装)beunderconsideration在考虑、审议中showconsiderationforsb/sth体谅、关心-------14.deliversbofababy为某人接生。bedelieveredof(生小孩),只用被动形式robsbofsth抢某人某物15.lookdownon/upon瞧不起lookupto敬仰lookabout/around四处查看、。lookafter照料,照看,。lookforwardto(doing)sth期待,盼望。lookinto调查lookup抬头看lookoutfor小心注意看16.refer......to......把.....提交给.....把....归功于........referto.......as......把.....称作......17.byanychance或许,可能nochance不可能takeone’schance碰运气takeachanceonsth冒险havechancetodosth有机会做某事givesbachance给某人一个机会18.comeacross偶然遇见;comeabout发生产生comeout出版,开花,传出comeafter追赶comeup长出地面,发生,上来,出来comeupwith提出,想出comeon快点19.carryon(with)sth/carryondoingsth继续做某事carryoff赢得获得carryout实行,执行,进行,履行20.Itoccurredtomethat.....Itstruckmethat.....使我突然想起...........Ithitmethat....21.Itisworthwhiletodosth做某事是值得的Itisworthwhiledoingsthbe(well)worthdoing…是(很)值得做的beworthyofbeingdonebeworthytobedonebeworthyofsthbeworthytobemyfriend22.condition,单数是指人,事物等的状态;复数conditions,一般是指所处的环境条件等。onconditionthat….以。。。为条件Ingood,./poorcondition.处于良好/差状态。Onnocondition.that绝不,23.only+状语”位于句首,句子通常要用倒装语序(部分倒装——用一般疑问句形式)。如:1.“only副词”位于句首。OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.只是到了那时我才意识到是我错了。2.“only+介词短语‘位于句首。Onlybyworkinghardcanyousucceed.只有努力工作你才能成功。Onlyinthereading-roomcanyoufindhim.你只有在阅览室才能找到他。3.“only+状语从句”位于句首。如:Onlywhenonelosesfreedomdoesoneknowitsvalue.一个人只在失去自由后才知道自由可贵。注意:若位于句首的不是only+状语,而是only+宾语等,则通常无需倒装。如:OnlyonemorepointwillImake.我只再说明一点。语法知识点A:although与though的用法区别一、用作连词表示“虽然”,两者大致同义,可换用只;是although比though更为正式:Though[Although]itwasraining,wewentthere.虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那儿.Though[Although]itwasbarelyfouro’clock,thelightswerealreadyon.尽管才四点钟,灯已经亮了.Though[Although]wearepoor,wearestillhappy.我们虽然穷,仍然很快活.二、用作副词although一般不用作副词,而though可用作副词,且一般放在句末(不放在句首),意为“可是”、“不过”:It’shardwork;Ienjoyitthough.工作很辛苦,可是我乐意干.Heislookingfit,though.但他看起来很健康.Youcancountonhim,though.不过你可以指靠他.三、用于习语在asthough(好像,仿佛),eventhough(即使,纵然)等固定短语中不能用although:Sheclosedhereyesasthoughsheweretired.她闭上眼,仿佛很疲劳似的.Wefeltasthoughwehadwitnessedthewholething.我们感到仿佛目击了整个这件事似的.Heisanhonestman,Imustsay,eventhoughIhaveopposedhim.尽管我反对过他,我还得说他是一个诚实的人.Shewasalwaysafraidofmen,eventhoughshehadlotsofboyfriends.尽管她有很多男朋友,她总是害怕男人.四、用于倒装though引导的让步状语从句可用部分倒装的形式(注意:倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词),但although一般不这样用:PoorthoughIam,Icanaffordit.我虽穷,但这东西还是买得起的.Childthoughhewas,hedidquitewell.他虽是孩子,但干得很好.另外注意:1.although较正式,语气强Althoughhewastired,hewentonworking.2.although引导的从句放在主句前后均可,有时还可放在句中.Althoughmanydifficultiesarestillahead,wearedeterminedtomakegreaterachievements.尽管在前面的道路上还有许多困难,但是,我们决心要取得更大的成就.HeoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishalthoughheisquitebusy.尽管他相当忙,但是还常常帮我学英语.3.although引导的从句不能与but,however连用,但可与yet,still连用.不能说:Althoughhewasold,butheworkedhard.应把but去掉.当然,保留but而去Although也可.注意:although的几不:although不能指假设的情况although不能作并列连词although不能作副词,放在词尾语法知识点B:主谓一致主谓一致,指人称和数方面的一致关系。分为:语法一致,意思一致,就近一致的三原则。(一)语法一致原则:即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数。以下为注意事项:1.单数主语即使后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,like(象),but(除了),except,besides,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan(而不是),including,inadditionto引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数。如:Airaswellaswaterismatter.空气和水都是物质。Nooneexcepttwoservantswaslateforthedinner.除了两个仆人外,没有一个人迟来用餐。2.用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念,谓语动词用单数,否则用复数。如:Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)Ahammerandasawareusefultools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具.(两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,比如:aneedleandtread,breadandbutter(黄油抹面包),knifeandfork(刀叉),fishandchips,等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。3.不定式(短语),动名词(短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数.如:Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.Whenwe’llgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。4.用连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰一起做主语时,谓语动词用单数.Everyboyandeverygirllikestogoswimming.每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.Noteach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