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AmericanLiterature2013Group2BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)BenjaminFranklin:Themainpoints:I.Clarification&GeneralintroductionII.Familybackground&EarlylifeIII.Lifeexperience&contributionsIV.LiteraryworksⅤ.Evaluation&InspirationI.Clarification&GeneralintroductionWhatdenomination(面值）ofUSdollarnoteisFranklin’sportraitprintedon?小毛毛仔毛爷爷毛毛毛伯伯毛哥GeorgeWashingtonAbrahamLincolnAlexanderHamiltonAndrewJacksonUlyssesS.GrantBenjaminFranklinI.Clarification&Generalintroduction1.Whatdenomination(面值）ofUSdollarnoteisFranklin’sportraitprintedon?2.WasBenjaminFranklintheUSPresident?FranklinPierce(1853-1857)FranklinD.Roosevelt(1933-1945)I.Clarification&Generalintroduction•BenjaminFranklin(1706---1790)•Apolymath（博学之人）JackofalltradesBenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)Ascientistphilanthropist(慈善家）diplomatII.Familybackground&Earlylife(self-mademan&Americandream)•BornonJanuary17,1706,Boston,MA•Calvinistfamily(poorcandlemaker)•15thchild(17siblings)•2-yearlocaleducation•Aprinter(at12)self-mademan(自学成才）•Extensivereading•ForeignlanguagesAt16,begantopublishessaysunderthepseudonym“SilenceDogood”.At17,heranawaytoPhiladelphiatomakehisownfortuneandbecameasuccessfulprinterandpublisher.Wealthyat42,devotedrestoflifetoscience,literature,diplomacy.III.Lifeexperience&contributions•Businessman(aprinter)society•Inventorscience•Politician(statesman)US•Marriageandfamily(wife:DeborahRead•2sons:William,Francis;•1daughter:Sarah)Franklin’sContributionstoSociety•Humanitarian•Americanfirstcirculatinglibrary•FoundUniversityofPennsylvania•PostmasterofPhiladelphia•Philadelphiahospital•PennsylvaniamilitiaServinggodbestistocontributeyourtalenttothepeopleandcommunityFranklin’scontributionstoscience•Discoveryaboutelectricity•DiscoveryoftheGulfStreamEffectivestreetlightingTheFranklinstoveBifocalglassesEfficientheatingdevices……InventionsLightningrodBifocalglassesFranklinstoveGlassarmonicaFranklin’sContributionstoScience•(kite,electricity,thunderstorm);•firstappliedtheterms“positive”and“negative”toelectricalcharges.“thenewPrometheuswhohadstolenfirefromheaven.”andgiveitbacktohumansGlassharmonicaFranklin’sContributionstotheU.S.•astatesman,diplomat,negotiator•HeconductedthedifficultnegotiationswithFrancethatbroughtfinancialandmilitarysupportforAmericainthewar.HewastheonlyAmericantosignthefourdocumentsthatcreatedtheUnitedStates:•TheDeclarationofIndependence,•TheTreatyofAlliancewithFrance,•TheTreatyofPeacewithEngland,•TheConstitutionAmanofelasticityandsuppleness;viewfromdifferentangles;notsayItoooften;createastormofattentionesp.amongwomenIV.LiteraryworksHisworksarewell-knownfortheirsimplicity,subtlehumorandbeingsarcastic.•PoorRichard’sAlmanac,1733,withthepseudonymRichardSaunders•FatherAbraham'sSermon,1758,alsoknownasTheWaytoWealth.•TheAutobiography,publishedafterhisdeathPoorRichard’sAlmanacAyearlyalmanac(1732-1757)Bestseller(10,000peryear)Almanac(seasonalweatherforecasts,holidays,recipes,puzzles,Maximsandaxioms格言警句)SomefamouslinesofPoorRichard’sAlmanac1.Life:Eattolive,andnotlivetoeat.2.Success:Nomanwasglorious,whowasnotlaborious.3.Time:Aneggtodayisbetterthanahentomorrow.4.Marriage:Youcannotpluckroseswithoutfearofhorns,norenjoyafairwifewithoutdangerofhorns.5.Learning:Weightyquestionsaskfordeliberateanswerer.6.Attitude:Admirationisthedaughterofignorance.7.Industry:Godgivesallthingstoindustry.8.Shopping:Buywhatthouhasnoneedofanderelongthoushallsellthynecessaries.Someotherexamples:Godhelpthosewhohelpthemselves.Earlytobed,andearlytorise,makesamanhealthy,wealthy,andwise.Hethatfallsinlovewithhimselfwillhavenorivals.爱上自己的人没有竞争对手。Whateverisbeguninangerendsinshame.无论何事，因愤怒而起，必以羞愧而终。TheWaytoWealth•Anessay(1758)•25anniversaryissueofAlmanac•Broughttogetherthebestofhismaxims•IntheguiseofaspeechbyFatherAbraham•Earliertitles:PoorRichardImprovedand•FatherAbraham’sSpeechTheAutobiographyRags-to-riches•Autobiographyisabranchofliteraturewhichisanaccountofaperson’slife.Part1:FranklinasayoungmaninBostonandPhiladelphia.Part2:“artofvirtue”section.Franklinrecountshisyouthfulattempttoachieve“moralperfection.”Part3:self-promotePart4:unfinished.HisthirteenvirtuesinPartTwoofTheAutobiography:•TheAmericanBible•NewPuritanism•Howtoadopt?Parttwo:Giveattentiontothecausesofhissuccess---the13virtues.1节制[Temperance]2少言[Silence]3秩序[Order]4决心[Resolution]5节俭[Frugality]6勤俭[Industry]7坦诚[Sincerity]8公正[Justice]9中庸[Moderation]10整洁[Cleanliness]11心态[Tranquility]12节欲[Chastity]13谦逊[Humility]富兰克林十三条箴言•1节制[Temperance]Eatnottodullnessanddrinknottoelevation.食不可饱，饮不可醉。••2少言[Silence]Speaknotbutwhatmaybenefitothersoryourself.Avoidtriflingconversation.言必有益，避免闲聊。•3秩序[Order]Letallyourthingshavetheirplaces.Leteachpartofyourbusinesshaveitstime.物归期所，事定期限。•4决心[Resolution]Resolvetoperformwhatyouought.Performwithoutfailwhatyouresolve.当做必做，持之以恒。•5节俭[Frugality]Makenoexpensebuttodogoodtoothersoryourself:i.e.Wastenothing.当花费才花费，不可浪费。•6勤俭[Industry]Losenotime.Bealwaysemployedinsomethinguseful.Cutoffallunnecessaryactions.•珍惜光明，做有用的事。•7坦诚[Sincerity]Usenohurtfuldeceit.Thinkinnocentlyandjustly;and,ifyouspeak,speakaccordingly.真诚待人，言行一致。•8公正[Justice]Wrongnone,bydo