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1THEARTOFPUBLICSPEAKINGLecture1.SpeakinginPublicAIMSAfterthislecture,studentsshouldunderstand:-Thepowerofpublicspeaking-Thetraditionofpublicspeaking-Publicspeakingandinterculturalcommunicativecompetence-Publicspeakingandcriticalthinking-Publicspeakingandconversation-Thespeechcommunicationprocess2THEPOWEROFPUBLICSPEAKING•Let’swatch2speeches,thenidentifythespeechthepurposesandthetargetaudience.Keyquestionsyoumaywonder…•Doweneedpublicspeaking?Whyorwhynot?•DoweneedEnglishPublicSpeaking?Whyorwhynot?Discussthequestionsinagroupof4,presentyouranswersinclass.3THETRADITIONOFPUBLICSPEAKING•Orator:apersonwithspecialskillsinpublicspeaking•Rhetoric:theartofeffectivecommunicationbetweenaspeaker(orwriter)andanaudience.TheBookofHistory(尚书）：典、谟、训、诰、誓、命、征、贡、歌、范Takingoath（誓）；imperialmandate（诰）4IntriguesoftheWarringState（战国策）RecordshundredsofdiscoursesfromtheWarringStateperiod.TangDynasty:Buddhists:sermons（布道）,sutralectures（讲经）Chinesehistoryisrepletewithconceptualizationsandpracticesofdiscoursethatincludepublicspeaking,artisticexpression,persuasion,advising,andargumentation.ThecurrentinterestinEnglishpublicspeakingisamanifestationofChina’slongtraditionofattentiontothediscursivearts.5PUBLICSPEAKINGANDINTERCULTURALCOMMUNICATIVECOMPETENCEInterculturalcommunicativecompetence:theabilitytorespectdiversityandtocommunicateeffectivelyincross-culturalsituations.“Wecommunicatethewaywedobecauseweareraisedinaparticularcultureandlearnitslanguage,rules,andnorms”InterculturalcommunicativecompetencerequiresthinkingandactinginwaysthatacknowledgeandrespectculturaldiversityCulturalfactorswillaffectresponses•Trytoputyourselfinyourlisteners’place•Avoidwordsorphrasesthatmightcausemisunderstanding•Keepaneyeoutforexamples,comparisons,andothersupportingmaterialsthatarerelevanttoyourlisteners.6Interculturalcommunicativecompetencerequires:•Attentiontoandrespectforone’snativelanguageandcultureaswellasfortheaudience’slanguageandculture.•There’snoinherentconflictbetweenbeingacompetentEnglishpublicspeakerandbeingfullyChinese.•InterculturalcommunicativecompetenceallowsyoutocombineyourChineseheritageandEnglishpublicspeakingskillstomaximumadvantage.CULTURALPROGRAMSANDTHE2008OLYMPICGAMESYangLan(DeliveredinMoscowonJuly13,2001)7Mr.President,LadiesandGentlemen,Goodafternoon!主席先生，各位来宾，大家午安！1BeforeIintroduceourculturalprograms,letmetellyouonethingfirstabout2008.You'regoingtohaveagreattimeinBeijing.在我介绍我们的文化节目，首先我要告诉你一件有关于2008的事，你将在北京度过一段美好的时光。Theintroductionofthespeechisclearandconcise.Ittellstheaudiencewhatistobediscussedinthebodyofthespeech.Thesentence“letmetellyouonethingfirstabout2008”isagoodattentiongrabber.Thesentence“YouaregoingtohaveagreattimeinBeijing”,connectstheintroductiontothebodyofthespeech.Body(paragraph2-8)2ManypeoplearefascinatedbyChina’ssportslegendsinhistory.Forexample,backtoSongDynasty,whichwasthe11thcentury,peopleinourcountrystartedtoplayagamecalledCuju,whichisregardedastheoriginofancientfootball.Thegamewassopopularthatwomenwerealsoparticipating.Now,youwillprobablyunderstandwhyourwomen’sfootballteamdoessowelltoday.中国有自己的体育传奇。回到宋代，大约11世纪，人们开始玩一个叫蹴鞠的游戏，这被看作是足球古老的起源。这个游戏很受欢迎，妇女也来参加。现在，你就会明白，为什么我们的女子足球队这么厉害了。Mainpoint1(paragraphs2-4):paragraph2beginswithabriefexampleofanancientsportintheSongDynastry.ItprovidesahistoricalreasonforsuccessofChina’swomen’sfootballteam.83TherearealotmorewonderfulandexcitingthingswaitingforyouinNewBeijing,adynamicmodernmetropoliswith3,000yearsofculturaltreasureswovenintotheurbantapestry.AlongwiththeiconicimageryoftheForbiddenCity,theTempleofHeavenandtheGreatWall,thecityoffersanendlessmixtureoftheatres,museums,discos,allkindsofrestaurantsandshoppingmallsthatwillamazeanddelightyou.还有更多精彩的事物在等着你。在新北京，一个充满活力的现代化大都市，交织3000年的文化宝藏的城市面貌，伴随着象征意象的紫禁城、天坛、万里长城正在向您展开，这个城市有着多样的的影院、博物馆、舞厅、各种餐馆和购物中心，正在让您感到惊喜与兴奋。•Thelistsofbriefexamplesinparagraph3telltheaudiencewhattheycanexpecttoseeinNewBeijing.4Butbeyondallthat,itisaplaceofmillionsoffriendlypeoplewholovetomeetpeoplefromaroundtheworld.PeopleofBeijingbelievethatthe2008OlympicGamesinBeijingwillhelptoenhancetheharmonybetweenourcultureandthediverseculturesoftheworld.Theirgratitudewillpouroutinopenexpressionsofaffectionforyouandthegreatmovementthatyouguide.但除此之外，它是一个深受几百万喜爱，可以满足来自全世界的人的城市。北京人民相信，2008年北京奥运会将有助提升中国与中国香港的和谐,我们的文化会与世界多元文化相互交融。他们会公开表达对奥运的期盼之情了，你可以见证你和伟大的运动间的文化交流。•Paragraph4emphasizesthehospitalityandgood-willoftheChinesepeopleandtheirstrongwishforwinningthebid.•Noticehowtransitionalphrasessuchas“therearealotmore…”inparagraph3,and“Butbeyondallofthat…”inparagraph4maketheparagraphsflowsmoothlyfromonetothenext.9MainpointII(paragraph5-6)5Withinourculturalprograms,educationandcommunicationwillreceivethehighestpriority.WeseektocreateanintellectualandsportinglegacybybroadeningtheunderstandingoftheOlympicIdealsthroughoutthecountry.在我们的文化发展中，教育和交流将得到优先发展，我们想要创造一个智力和体育记录，以扩大人们所了解的奥运梦想传播于全国各地。•Paragraph5servesasaninternalpreviewforMainpointII,whichdiscussesthetwomajorfunctionsofthecultureprograms–educationandcommunication.6Culturaleventswillunfoldeachyear,from2005to2008.Wewillstagemulti-discip