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通过研究近几年广东高考阅读理解试题，我们会发现but或however重现率极高，几乎每年高考阅读理解都有一些题目的答案与这些词有关，我们应高度重视but或however，特别是其后的内容。表示转折的but或however有很强的启示功能，对我们判断上下文文意、推断作者的态度、猜测人物心理、理清文章层次都具有举足轻重的作用。1.引出作者观点，反驳but前面的观点(普遍观点)but/however在阅读理解中的功能基本模式：普遍观点+but+作者观点。利用but的这一功能，我们能快速找出作者观点。如：Intheanimalkingdom,weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.•Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AWheelchairExperienceB.WeaknessandKindnessC.WeaknessandStrengthD.ADrivingExperienceB解析：答案为B。文章开头作者提出了普遍观点，紧跟着用一个but引出了自己的观点，主题句是ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople，由此可提炼出关键的两个词Weakness和Kindness。2.通过对比引出相反或相对的信息利用but的这一功能，我们能快速地推断出作者真正要表达的信息及上下文的意义对比。如：Frommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople,butsometimesIfeelsadbecausethosewhoappearindependentmissthekindnessIseedaily.Theydon’tgettoseethissoftsideofothersoften;wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweakness,whichincludesalotofpretending.Butonlywhenwestoppretendingwe’rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat’sinthem.•Theauthorfeelssadsometimesbecause______.A.hehasasoftheartB.hereliesmuchonothersC.somepeoplepretendtobekindD.somepeoplefailtoseethekindnessinothersD解析：答案为D。本段开头作者陈述了自己的经验体会，紧接着用一个but引出了大多数人与之相反的经历体会，即missthekindnessIseedaily。3.显示作者态度或建议利用but的这一功能，我们能快速地推断出作者对某一件事或某人所持的真正态度或给出的建议。如：Sometimessituationscallforustoactstrongandbraveevenwhenwedon’tfeelthatway.Butthosearefewandfarbetween.Moreoften,itwouldbebetterifwedon’tpretendwefeelstrongwhenwefeelweakorpretendthatwearebravewhenwearescared.•Inthispassage,theauthoradvisesusto______.A.handleproblemsbyourselvesB.accepthelpfromothersC.admitourweaknessD.showourbravery解析：答案为C。本段开头介绍了有时环境要求我们要假装坚强与勇敢，紧接着用一个but引出了作者自己的建议，即itwouldbebetterifwedon’tpretendwefeelstrongwhenwefeelweakorpretendthatwearebravewhenwearescared。C4.（2013广东）Somepeoplethinkthatsuccessisonlyforthosewithtalentorthosewhogrowupintherightfamily,andothersbelievethatsuccessmostlycomesdowntoluck.I’mnotgoingtosayluck,talent,andcircumstancesdon’tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligence,andthat’sjusttherealityofhowlifeis.However,tosucceedinlife,onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And,inadditiontothat,inordertogetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings,it’llrequireevenmoretime,timethatmostpeoplewon’tputin…◇Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A.Havingagoalisvitaltosuccess.B.Beinggoodisdifferentfrombeinggreat.C.Onecannotsucceedwithouttimeandpractice.D.Luck,talentandfamilyhelptoachievesuccess.解析：答案为C,由第二段开头的However可知，第一段他人观点，However后才是作者的观点：tosucceedinlife,onefirstneedsto…needsto…，与此相吻合的应是选项C，不花时间和实践是不可能取得成功的。C5.Manypsychologistsintheearlytwentiethcenturybelievedthathumansuseonly10percentoftheirbrains,andeventhegreatAlbertEinsteinoncewrotethatmostpeopleuseonlyasmallportionofthegreymatterbetweentheirears.It’satheorythathasoftenbeenputforwardintelevisiondocumentaries;magazines,advertisementsandbooksoverthepastcentury.Butnearlyallscientistsnowagreethe10percenttheoryiscompletelyunfounded.Infact,theyquestionhowthisfigurewaseverarrivedatinthefirstplaceandwhatareasofthebrainaresupposedtobeunneeded.Thetheorysupposesthatif90percentofthebrainwereremoved,apersonwouldstillbeabletofunctionnormally,whileinrealityitisknownthatdamagetoevenasmallareaofthebraincanresultinextremelyseriousphysicalinjurydifferentactivitiesandthatmanyareasofthebrainareusedatthesametimeforsomecomplexactivitiesorthoughtprocesses…◇Theunderlinedword“unfounded”iscloseinmeaningto_____.A.undiscoveredB.unprovenC.unknownD.unnecessary解析：答案为B,作者在文章第一段提出了许多心理学家甚至爱因斯坦普遍认同的观点：我们人类在日常活动中只使用了大脑中的一小部分。但But后，即从第二段起才是作者要表达的观点，据theyquestionhowthisfigurewaseverarrivedatinthefirstplaceandwhatareasofthebrainaresupposedtobeunneeded可知，人们对这个理论提出了质疑，亦即“未经证实的”。B