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虚拟语气一、以if条件从句为虚拟语气标志时态从句动词形式主句动词形式与现在事实相反didwould/could/should/mightdo与将来事实相反(1)did(2)weretodo(3)shoulddowould/could/should/mightdo与过去事实相反haddonewould/could/should/mighthavedone注意以下两个方面：1．含蓄条件句有时虚拟语气并不总是用if引导的条件句来表示，而是通过一些词或短语表示出来。这些词或短语引出的条件句与if引导的条件句意义相似，如butfor，with，without，otherwise，or，but等。其中butfor相当于ifitwerenotfor/ifithadnotbeenfor，表示“要不是……”。Hewouldn'thavesurvivedbutfortheneighbour'stimelyhelp.2．在虚拟条件句中有时if是可以省略的，当if被省略后，要将从句中的were，had，should置于句首，构成倒装结构。Werehehere，hecouldsettletheissue.二、suggest等动词及其相应的名词后跟的从句中虚拟语气的用法1．宾语从句suggest等表示建议、愿望、命令等的动词后跟的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，从句谓语的结构为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。类似用法的动词还有order，request，advise，require，insist，demand，command等。Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)takemorerest.2．主语从句在“Itis/was/has/hadbeensuggested＋that引导的主语从句”中，主语从句要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”结构，其中should可以省略。和suggest用法一样的动词还有demand，order，advise，require，propose等。另外，在“Itis/wasimportant(necessary，desirable，advisable等)＋that引导的主语从句”中，从句也常用虚拟语气，谓语用“should＋动词原形”结构，其中should可以省略。Itissuggestedthatthebuilding(should)bepulleddown.Itisnecessarythatadoctor(should)besentforatonce.3．表语从句当suggestion，order，proposal，demand等名词作主语时，其后的表语从句中要用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”结构，其中should可以省略。Myadviceisthatyou(should)giveupsmoking.4．同位语从句在suggestion，advice，order，proposal，demand等名词后跟的同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用“should＋动词原形”结构，其中should可以省略。Hissuggestionthatwe(should)setoffat5：00a．m.isnotgoodenough.三、虚拟语气的特殊句型1．Itis(high/about)time(that)sb.didsth.Itis(high/about)time(that)sb.didsth.(that可以省略)表示“是某人做某事的时候了”，此句型应用虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时。另外，也可使用Itis(high/about)time(that)sb.shoulddosth.结构，其中should不能省略。Itis11：00now.Itishightime(that)youwent/shouldgotobed.2．wouldrather(that)sb.didsth.当表示“宁愿某人做某事”时，如果是没有发生的动作，从句用一般过去时，即wouldrathersb.didsth.；如果是已经发生的动作，从句用过去完成时，即wouldrathersb.haddonesth.。I'dratheryoulefttomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空1．Hadwebeenhereabitearlier，we________________(be)abletocatchthelastbus.2．Ifyou________________(take)myadvice，you__________________(cry)overyourfailurenow.3．—Ihavegonethroughahardtimeinthelastfewyears.—Really？Iwishyou______________(tell)meaboutitearlier.Afterall，wearefriends.4．—Whydidn'tyouattendLinda'swedding?—Iwouldn'tliketo.Itisstrangethatshe_______________(marry)thatgoodfornothingguy.5．Myfatherinsistedthateveryminute____________________(make)fulluseof____________(do)theworkwell.6．Mr.Greenrequiresthatthestudents____________________(notcheat)inanyexam.7．Stateleadersurgedthateveryeffort______________(make)torescueandtreattheinjuredwhentheearthquakehappenedinSichuan.8．Ican'tthankyoutoomuchbecausewithoutyourhelpI____________________(notwin)thefirstprize.【答案】1.wouldhavebeen2．hadtaken；wouldn'tbecrying3．hadtold4.(should)havemarried5．(should)bemade；todo6.(should)notcheat7．(should)bemade8.wouldn'thavewon