医学专业英语Chapter 2.1

Chapter2SectionBReadingsPassage1DiseasesandDisordersThefirstperiodContentsMedicalterminology(1-12),30fortotalPassageone(Paras.1-8)Medicalterminology(1-12)a-,an-not/without（无；缺）Asymptomatic:withoutsymptomsAnemia:-emiablood,hencelackofbloodAmorphous:morph/oshape,form;-ouspertainingto,hencepertainingtotheconditionoflackingshapeAna-apart（开；分开）Anatomy:cuttingapartthebodyasabranchofmedicalsciencesAnalysis:-lysisseparation/breakdown,henceexaminationthroughseparation,takingthingsapartAnalyst:-yst=istspecialist,henceaspecialistwhoseworkistocarryoutanalysisAngi/ovessels（血管）Angiogram:-gramrecord,hencethex-rayphotoofthebloodvesselAngioplasty:-plastysurgicalrepairsurgicalrepairofthevesselAngitis:-itisinflammation,henceinflammationofthebloodvesselAnti-against(抗)Antibody：bodysubstance,hence,aproteinsubstanceproducedinthebloodortissuesofanimalsormanthatdestroysorweakensbacteriaorneutralizes中和thepoisontheyproduceAntigen:asubstance,usuallyforeignto(suchasapoison,virusetc.),thatstimulates刺激theproductionofantibodiesAntibiotic:achemicalsubstancederivedfromamold铸型orbacterium细菌thatcankillmicroorganisms微生物andcurebacterialinfections-arypertainingtoPulmonary：pulm/othelungs,hencesomethingtodowiththelungsUrinary:urin/ourine,hencepertainingtourinarysystem/tractHereditary:PertainingtoheredityDe-lackof/down/loss(脱、去、缺)Deficiency：lackofenoughDegeneration：theprocessofdecliningfromahighertoalowerlevelofeffectivepowerorvitality元气oressentialqualityDeoxyribonucleic：pertainingtoDNA，ribonucleicacidwithoutoxygenDia-complete,across,throughDiagnosis:gnos/oknowledgehencethecompleteknowledgeaboutapatientDialysis:-lysisseparateorbreakdown,hencecompleteseparateofwastematterfrom…thatis,theprocessofcleaningwastesfromthebloodartificiallyDiameter:-meterinstrumentofmeasurementofaroundsurface,thatis,instrumentofmeasuringfromonesidetotheothersideacrossElectr/oelectricityElectrocardiograph:-graphaninstrumentofrecording,hencethemachinewhichrecordstheheartelectricwaveElectromyogram:my/omuscle,-graphrecord,hencetherecordofmuscleelectricwave(electricinstrumentformeasuringmuscularactivities)Electroencephalogram:encephal/obrain,hencetherecordofelectricwaveofthebrainEn-in,withinEndemic:dem/opeople,hencetodowithdiseasewhichappearwithinaparticulargroupofpeopleEnclose:tocloseinEngulf:toswallowinGnos/oknowledge(知)Diagnosis:-sisstateorcondition,hencecompleteknowledgeofapatientAgnostic:Notknowing,denyingtheexistenceofgodPrognosis:pro-before,hencethestateofknowingsomethingbeforeitactuallyoccurs(knowingtheresultofthediseasebeforeitactuallyhappens)-gramrecord,x-rayrecord(图；像)Electrocardiogram:ElectricrecordofheartwavesAngiogram:anX-rayphotoofbloodvesselsbyusingamedium,usuallybarium钡Myelogram:anX-rayphotoofspinalcord-graphinstrumentofrecordingorexaminingElectrocardiograph:instrumentforrecordingheartwavesChronograph:chron/otime,hencetheinstrumentwhichmeasuresthetime(instrumentforrecordingtime)Spirograph:spir/obreathing,hencetheinstrumentwhichmeasuresthebreath(instrumentforrecordingbreath)PassageOneHumanDiseasesLearningTarget1.DiseasesandPathology2.TheClassificationofDiseases3.Germs’InvasionoftheHumanbody4.TheBody’sDefenseAgainstInvasion5.TheBody’sImmunitytoDiseasesQuestions:Whatispathology?Whatdoesthemodernapproachtothestudyofdisorderemphasize?Howcanadiseasebeclassified?Howgermsenterthehumanbody?Howdoesthehumanbodyfightagainstdiseases?Describethefunctionantibodies.briefsurvey概论glimpse印象fundamentals基础、原理thepictureisnotcomplete这一概论就不完整themodernapproachtothestudyofdisorder现代对疾病的研究方法aspect方面definedasacondition被定义为一种状态succumbto受制于inturn反过来说detect觉察swollenbloodvessel血管扩张strikes侵袭community社区runsashortcourse病程短oftenhitswithoutwarning常常发作没有前兆gradualonset发病慢ailment（精神）病causativeagents病原体airbornedroplets空气小粒sneeze打喷嚏produce导致adisease-producingorganism一个致病的有机体disturbances紊乱poorlyoperatingnervoussystem神经系统工作不良provoked引发drugaddiction吸毒成性Furthermore而且genepatterns基因improperlyoperating工作状态不良Geneticdisorders基因失调inbornerrorsofmetabolism先天性代谢失调mentalretardation智力发育迟缓placestobreed繁衍的世界broadly广义地wardoff阻止sexualcontact性接触cholera霍乱typhoidfever伤寒热tainted腐烂的barriers屏障offerconsiderableresistance在很大程度上抵抗Inminorcases在较轻的病例中linedwithmucus-secretingcells覆盖满了能分泌黏液的细胞trap捕捉dustparticles尘粒wavelikeafieldofwheat象麦田里的小麦一样舞动foreignmatter异物potential潜在的thrive蓬勃繁殖assumeshigher达到高烧Wax蜡flockto群集在trytolocalizetheinfection使感染局部化pus-filledabscesses脓块Unless如果不drain排除blocked挡住tender松柔的Brought感染上传traces侵袭long-lasting长期的range包括areaclassof一种被称为sites部位linkwith相连hookup粘和outofaction失去作用byinactivating失去活性keyportionoftheharmfulsubstance关键有害部分butterthesurface表面涂上一些奶油makethemtastiertophagocytes让吞噬细胞更喜欢吞噬它们intermediate中间体Actuallydestroy实施消灭fixes会有一个eatthrough咬穿burst暴开severalkinds若干themostplentifulandversatile数量最多用途最多nextmostplentiful数量次多adaptedto适合atthefirstsignsof一有…出现againsttheinfection对付传染病involved涉及triggeredby触发tomultiply准备繁殖arenotthebestqualifiedtofightawiderangeofantigens不是对付广普抗原的最好选择concentrates集中stickswellto粘连switchedoff停止e