Unit-9-主谓一致

Unit9主谓一致Ⅰ.谓语动词用单数的情况Ⅱ.谓语动词用复数的情况Ⅲ.语法一致原则的情况Ⅳ.就近原则的情况Ⅴ.从句中主谓一致的情况Ⅵ.就远原则Ⅰ.谓语动词用单数的情况1.形复意单名词如：news;国名如：theUnitedStates;报纸名如：theNewYorkTimes;书名如：ArabianNights《天方夜谭》；以及theUnitedNations等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。GreatExpectationswaswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860.TheNewYorkTimesisapopularreadingmaterialforstudents.2.以ics结尾的学科名称，physics,mathematics,mechanics,politics,economics,linguistics,statistics这些词作学科意义讲时通常做单数用。但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义，可作复数用。Physicsisanimportantsubjectinmiddleschools.Mathematicsisthestudyofnumbers.3.名词词组中心词是表示度量,时间,价格,金钱,容量等复数名词时,往往把这些复数名词看作是一个单一概念,看作整体,谓语动词用单数形式.Fivehundredmilesisalongdistance.Twoyearsisenoughtolearnaforeignlanguage.4.不可数名词的集体名词，谓语动词要用单数.foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,luggage,poetryThemachineryhasarrivedundamaged.AllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina.5.不定式、动名词、以及名词性从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。Readingoftenmeanslearning.ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorningdoesyoualotofgood.Whathesaidhasbeenrecorded.但是两个由and连接的名词性从句做主语时，如果表示两件事情，其谓语动词用复数。Whatcausedtheaccidentandwhowasresponsibleforitremainamysterytous.6.由and连接的并列单数主语的前面,如果分别由each,every,no,manya,morethanone/a修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。Everymanand(every)woman____askedtohelp.(be)Nobirdand(no)beast____seenonthebareisland.(be)Manyaboyand(manya)girl____seenthefilm.(have)Morethanonestudent_____beentothepark.(have)isishashas7.oneof,eitherof,neitherof+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Oneofmyfriendsneedsmyhelp.Neitheroftheanswersissatisfactory.Oneandahalf,oneoutof,onein+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Oneandahalfapplesisleftontheplate.Oneintenstudentshasfailedintheexams.Ayearandahalf_____passed.(have)has8.agreat/gooddealof,alargeamountof,amountsof,abitof+不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。Alargeamountofwaterwasspiltonthefloor.9.主语是由aseriesof,aspeciesof,asequenceof,apieceof,apileof,apairof,atypeof,akindof,asortof,aportionof+名词构成，动词通常用单数。AseriesoflecturesonpsychologyissaidtobegivenbyMr.Li.Alargeportionofherpoemswaspublishedafterherdeath.Ⅱ.谓语动词用复数的情况1.(1)people,police,cattle,poultry,staff,clothesDomesticcattleprovideuswithmilk,beefandhides(皮).TheChinesepeoplearebraveandhard-working.(2)family,team,group,crowd,crew,army,class,audience,government,committee,public将该名词所表示的集体作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式;将侧重点放在集体的成员上，谓语动词用复数形式。Myfamilyisalargeandhappyone.Thefamilyarelisteningtotheradio.Thecommitteehavedifferentideas.Thecommitteehaspassedaresolution.2.某些以-s结尾的名词：（1）compasses,scissors,glasses,shorts,trousers,pants,jeans,shoes,spectacles,scales这一类名词单独使用，谓语动词通常用复数；如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数形式决定动词的单复数形式。Joe’snewtrousersareblackandwhite.Onepairofscissorsisnotenoughbutthreepairsofscissorsareenough.（2）其他以-s结尾的名词,如arms,clothes,goods,contents,fireworks,minutes,remains,stairs,thanks,wages,belongings,surroundings,earnings,savings作主语，谓语动词通常用复数.(3)单复数同形的名词：aircraft,deer,sheep,means,species,series等,随后的动词单复数形式取决于这些名词是用作单数还是用作复数。Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtoarms.(诉诸武力)Allmeanshavebeentriedouttoincreaseagriculturalproduction.Anewspeciesofmammalhasbeenfound.3.the+adj/v-ed表示一类人时，用复数谓语动词；表示个别人或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.thepoor/dumb/innocent/guilty/unemployed/aged/oppressed/exploitedWecandothedifficultfirst.Theimpossibletakesalittlelonger.Thebestisyettocome.4.agreat/large/good/considerablenumberof,agreat/goodmany+可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。5.anumberof+复数名词，谓语动词用复数。thenumberof+复数名词，谓语动词用单数。Ⅲ.语法一致原则的情况1.并列结构both…and,…and…作主语时谓语用复数;Readingandwritingareveryimportant.当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。lawandorderbreadandbutterfolkandknifeneedleandthreadloveandhateeggandriceHamandeggs____agoodbreakfast.Ablackandwhitedog___playingintheyard.Ablackandawhitedog____playingintheyard.Thewriterandteacher____reading.Thewriterandtheteacher_____reading.isisareisare2.allof,someof,anyof,noneof,halfof,mostof,majorityof,percentof,lotsof,alotof,plentyof,aquantityof,quantitiesof,loadsof,heapsof,therestof等加名词构成的主语，谓语动词的数取决于该名词的单复数。Allofus_____goingtoseethegame.Allofhistime________spentongambling.Mostofthemembers__________there.Someofthemoney______beenstolen.Halfofthebuilding______damagedintheexplosion.Halfofthestudents______girls.areis/wasare/werehaswasare3.主语是由分数(或百分数)+of+名词构成，如果名词是复数，则谓语动词用复数，反之如果是单数或不可数名词或代词，则动词用单数，即由后面的名词决定。Thirty-fivepercentofthedoctorsarewomen.Ninetypercentoftheworkhasbeendone.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.Ⅳ就近原则的情况1.由or,nor,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…but(also)连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式用就近原则处理。Mysisterormybrotherislikelytobeathome.Notonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong.2.therebe句型中，如名词由and连接，谓语动词由靠近动词的名词决定单复数形式。Therearesaidtobealotofscenicspots.Thereisacarandtwotrucksinfrontofmyhouse.Ⅴ.从句中主谓一致的情况1.强调句中Itis/was….that….,如果被强调的部分是原句的主语，则that后的谓语动词在人称与数上应与原句一致。ItisIthatamwrong.Itisyouthatareright.2.“Oneof+复数名词+定语从句”结构中的动词形式，在Oneof+复数名词结构后，关系从句中的动词用复数。如果这类结构之前有定冠词the,theonly,thevery等限定词时，关系从句中的动词用单数。Oneofthosemenlikestodrivefast.Oneofthosemenwholiketodrivefastisherson.Heistheonlyoneofthosemenwholikestodrivefast.Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhoiswillingtotakeonanotherassignment.Ⅵ.就远原则★当主语后面跟有由aswellas,inadditionto,with,alongwith,togetherwith,but,except,exceptfor,ratherthan,asmuchas,including,accompaniedby,morethan,besides