初中英语阅读中生词词义的猜测剑阁县抄手附中母建文无论是精读还是泛读英语,总会遇到一些陌生的单词和短语,也涉及到猜测单词短语的意思,平时可以查词典得出确切的意思,但在考试时只能利用平时训练的猜词的方法。所以有必要介绍最常见的猜测词意的方法,或许下面的几种方法会对阅读理解中猜测词意有帮助。1.利用定义英语中,在陌生表达后面,通常有短语或者句子对其解释,我们可以利用它来推测陌生表达的意思。Forexample:.○1Lionsarecarnivores,anyanimalthateatsmeat.多数学生不知道的意思,但是同学们可以根据anyanimalthateatsmeat,知道其意思是“食肉动物”。○2Everyonehasagrowthspurt(高峰)duringpuberty.Theageforstartingpubertyisabout10forgirlsandabout11forboys.Butitcanbeearlierorlater---between7and13forgirlsand15forboys.根据Theageforstartingpubertyis…7and13forgirlsand9and15forboys.我们可以知道该单词意思“生长发育期”。2.根据例子为了说明某一概念,作者常常采用举例的方式进行具体的说明,最常见的信号词有:special,forexample(instance),thatis,suchas,especially,include,like,consistof等等Forexample;○1ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots.Mr.Li,canspeaksixlanguages.根据canspeaksixlanguages,我们可以知道其意思是“通晓多种语言者”。○2Theseforeignershaveleftformtheaerodrome.Thatistheplacethattheirplanefliesfrom.参考Thatistheplacethattheirplanefliesfrom,我们知道其意思“飞机场”。3.依照同义词或短语在英语中表同义的词主要有:or,and,inotherwords等等Forexample:○1Inthisplay,shewearsaflimsyorthinsummerdress根据orthinsummerdress,我们知道其意思是“轻薄的。○2Thewomaniswearingapinksmockorcoat.根据orcoat,我们可知其意思是“外套”。4.参照反义词或短语英语中表反义的词汇常见的有:but,however,while,otherwise等等。Forexample::○1ProductionpeakedinJanuary,however,wasthelowestinDecember.根据however,wasthelowestinDecember我们可知其意思“最低”。○2Tom’scoatissordid,butMike’scoatisveryclean.根据,我们可知其意思是“肮脏的”5.通过描述性的短语或句子Forexample:○1Thesmalltownhasmanyusefulamenities,likeapub,abank,ahospital,aschool,apostofficeandsoon..依据likeapub,abank,ahospital,aschool,apostofficeandsoon.我们可知其意思是“方便的设施”。○2Pleasegetmeaclop,Tomsaid,buthisbrothersawthetreeandthensaidthereweren’teatableonesonthetreebecausethey’renoneripe(成熟).根据buthisbrothersawthetreeandthensaidthereweren’teatableonesonthetreebecausethey’renoneripe(成熟),我们可知其意思是“可吃的果子”。6.联系常见构词法ⅰ)词缀在常见的单词前面或后面加上某些字母而构成一个新的词,根据构词法我们可知它们的意思。它分为前缀和后缀。最常见的前缀有:un-,dis-,il-,in-,im-表否定;mis-错误地;mini-微小的例如:untrue不真实dishonest不诚实impossible不可能misspell错误拼写minibus微型车最常见的后缀有:○1名词后缀:-er,-or,-ist–ee表人如:thinker,sailor,scientist○2动词后缀:-ize,-en,-ify如:widen,modernize,beautify○3形容词后缀:-ly,-ful,-less,-able,like如:useful,homeless,eatable,childlike○4副词后缀:-ly,-wise方向,样子,,-ward朝如backwardclockwise(顺时钟方向的)ⅱ)合成将两个或以上的单词组成一个新的词像good-looking,high-class,hard-working,airsickbloodtest,handwriting,waterwayⅲ)转化即同一个单词词形上不变,意思上发生变化,转为另一个意思如:book书—预定,map地图—绘制,fingers手指—抚摸7.通过上下文与前后的联系根据该单词所处的语境,运用推理及其他知识来推断出该单词的意思。Forexample:○1Theoldwomanworeherspectatorsandbegantoreadbooks.根据andbegantoreadbooks,我们可以推测其意思是“眼镜”。○2Ahibernatinganimaldoesn’twakeinwinter.Itusuallysleepsinwinter.根据Itusuallysleepsinwinter可以知道其意思是“冬眠”。实践应用()1.Thatwashowagoodopportunityrightunderthenoseofabeautifulgirlranaway.A.就在鼻子下B.想得到的C.就在眼前的()2.Stuffapieceofdryclothintothebottomofaglasssothatitwillnotfalloutwhentheglassisturneddown.A.填塞B撕裂C取下()3.Infact,onlyaboutninetyocelots,anendangeredwildcatexistintheUSA.A猫B夜猫C野猫()4.TheTomshavespentmuchmoneyinappliances,forinstance,computers,refrigerators,colorTVsandwashing-machinesetc.A电B电器C点读机()5.Wemanagedtosalvageorsaveafewpicturesfromthefire.A拯救B调整C浇水()6.Mike’smotherisananny—womanwhosejobistotakecareoftheyoungchildrenoftwotosixatschool.A阿姨B护士C保姆()7.LiMing’salwaysdawdling,buthissisterishurry.A匆忙B闲荡C奢侈()8.IntheUSA,there’renoexcusefornotdoingyourassignmentsbecauseyou’reastudent.A课本B作业C成绩()9.Thesnowhardeneduntilicewasformed.A困难B变硬C努力()10.Myneighborisveryunkind,becausehe’sverybad.A要好B善良C凶狠Keys:1—5CACBA6—10CBBBC