中考复习四:数词

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1中考英语专题复习:数词考点讲解和训练【考点直击】1.掌握基数词的读法及用法;2.掌握序数词的变化及用法;3.理解数词的复数形式,了解分数的表示方法。【名师点睛】1.基数词:表示数目多少的数词。序数词:表示顺序的数词叫序数词。基数词的构成:1-19:其中1-12是独立单词,13-19的基数词以后缀-teen结尾。1-12:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve;13-19:thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen;20-99:其中20-99八个整十位数词以后缀-ty结尾,其他则是先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。20-90:twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,ninety;23----twenty-three45------forty-five101-999:先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586------fivehundredandeighty-six803-----eighthundredandthree1000以上先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个逗号前为thousand,第二个为million,第三个为billion,然后一节一节地表示。1,001-------onethousandandone18,423-------eighteenthousandfourhundredandtwenty-three750,000,000,000------sevenhundredandfiftybillion2.基数词和序数词的变化①基数词变序数词遵循下列原则:a.序数词在相应的基数词词尾加th;b.整十数的序数词是先将y变为i,再加eth;2c.两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时,仅将个位变为序数词即可。②基数词变序数词口诀:基变序,有规律,末尾加上th;一二三,特殊记,八加h,九去e,ve要用f代替;以y结尾变ie,后跟th莫忘记;若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。one-firstfive-fifthnine-ninththirteen-thirteenthseventeen-seventeenththirty=thirtiethtwo-secondsix-sixthten-tenthfourteen-fourteentheighteen-eighteenthforty-fortieththree-thirdseven-seventheleven-eleventhfifteen-fifteenthnineteen-nineteenthfifty-fiftiethfour-fourtheight-eighthtwelve-twelfthsixteen-sixteenthtwenty-twentiethsixty-sixtiethseventy-seventieth,eighty-eightieth,ninety-ninetieth,ninety-three---ninety-third,hundred-hundredth③基数词20~90是在十位数词后面加-ty构成.基数词21~99是在十位数词后面加上个位数词构成,中间加上连字符“-”.④三位数:基数词+hundredand+末尾两位数⑤多位数从右向左每隔三位数加一个逗号,依次是thousand,million,billion。10,000可写成tenthousand,100,000,000可写成ahundredmillion,35,845可写成thirty-fivethousandeighthundredandforty-five2.基数词和序数词的用法a.序数词前通常用定冠词the;thefirstthesecondb.序数词前若有限定词,则不在加the;c.序数词若出现不定冠词a/an,则表示又一,再一,内含顺序性。We’llgooveritasecondtime.We’vetireditthreetimes.Mustwetryitafourthtime?d.ofthe+基数词,表示范围。Sheisthemostbeautifulgirlofthethree.Jimisthetallerofthetwo.e.序数词缩写用数字表示时,需要在数字后面加上书写形式的最后两个字母。first=1stsecond=2ndthird=3rdfourth=4thtwenty-first=21steightieth=80th3.年龄、长、宽、高等的表示方法:基数词+量词(meter/kilometer/kilo/year)+形容词(long/wide/deep/old)4.分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;若分子大于1,分母要加s。a.三又四分之二threeandtwofourths3b.quarter,half(onefourth=aquarter,threefourths=threequarters,ahalf=onesecond)c.当分数/百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语的数由分数后面的名词决定。d.当halfof+名词作主语时,谓语的数由分数后面的名词决定。5.年份、日期、编号的表达a.年份表达为“月,日,年”,月要大写,日要用序数词,年要用基数词。(英)15,8,2005=15th,August,2005(美)8,15,2005=August15th,2005b.编号表示法(名词+基数词=the+序数词+名词)第一课LessonOne=thefirstlesson,第二页PageTwo=thesecondpage,八年级二班ClassTwo,GradeEight3路公交车No.3bus103号房间Room1036.概数与具体的数字a.确指:基数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion(无论基数词是多少,hundred/thousand/million/billion一律用原形);b.概称:表示成百上千的,数以百计的,用hundred/thousand/million/billion先加s,再加of.7.时间表达法(past过,to差):a.整点(基数词+o’clock)seveno’clockb.顺读法,先点后分:几点过几分(前半小时用“分钟数+past+已过钟点数”)c.倒读法,先分后点:几点差几分后半小时用(60-分钟数)+to+下一个钟点数d.正好半点用“halfpast+已过钟点数”;一刻钟用“quarter”8:30halfpasteight;9:15aquarterpastnine;9:45aquartertoten.8.百分数的表示(基数词+percent)分数/百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语的数由分数后面的名词决定。9.小数的表示:小数点前的整数按基数词的规则表示,小数点写作point,小数点后的数字应按数字顺序直接表示出来。18.38可写成eighteenpointthreeeight.410.复合形容词(基数词-量词-形容词)作定语,一旦用了连字符,量词必须用单数形式。基数词-量词-形容词=可简写成“基数词-量词”=基数词+量词复数的所有格形式Ihaveaneight-year-olddaughter.=Ihaveaneight-yeardaughter.=Ihaveaneightyears’daughter.11.(1)in+the+数词的复数形式,表示年代。inthe1870s/1970’s(2)in+物主代词+数词的复数形式,表示某人的年龄(岁数)。inone’sthirties在某人三十多岁的时候有时在物主代词后面可加上形容词early或late使其含义更确切一些。Theyoungmanisinhisearlythirties.12.表示每隔…(every+基数词+量词)13.另几…,再几…:基数词+more+名词=another+基数词+名词,表示在原来的基础上再增加几个(twomorehours=anothertwohours)14.数学运算的表达3+5=8Threeplus/andfiveiseight.9-2=7Nineminustwoisseven.6×5=30Fivetimessixisthirty./Sixmultipliedbyfiveisthirty.8÷2=4Eightdividedbytwoisfour.15.倍数的表达法(1)主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+as+adj.+as.例如:Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多。(2)主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+thesize(amount,length……)of…..。例如:Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球的大小是月球的49倍。(3)主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+than……例如:Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。(4)还可以用“by+倍数”表示增加多少倍。例如:5Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.今年粮食产量比去年增加了四倍。例题讲解:1.About______oftheworkersinthefactorywereborninthe______.A.Two-thirds;1970B.two-thirds;1970sC.two-third;1970D.two-third;1970s解释:B。本题考查分数和年代的表达方法。分数表达法是分子用基数词,分母用序数词。当分子大于“1”时,分母的序数词后面加“s”.表示“在几十年代”,用“in+the+逢十的数词复数”,故选B。整句话的意思是“工厂里约三分之二的工人出生于20世纪70年代”。2.BecauseofProjectHope,______childrenhavebetterlives.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof解释:D。本题考的是thousand的概称用法。Thousand前面加具体数字时表示确指,与of连用时表示概称。显然游儿童的数量不能确指,只能是一个大概数。整句话的意思是:因为希望工程,成千上万的孩子有了更好的生活。专项训练:()1.(2015·呼和浩特)Boysandgirls,pleaseturntoPage_____andlookatthepicture______.A.Fifth;fiveB.Five;fiveC.Fifth;fifthD.Five;fifth()2.(2015·凉山)Kateisaschoolgirl.Shegotmanypresentsonher______birthday.A.nineB.theninthC.ninetiethD.ninth()3.(2015·重庆B)It’sreportedthatovereight_____peoplelosttheirlivesintheearthquakeinNepalthisyear.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof()4.(2015·株洲)Decemberis______andlastmonthofayear.A.thetwelfthB.twelfthC.thetwelve()5.(2015·苏州)Tony'smumlooksyoungandbeautiful.It’shardtoimaginesheisalreadyinher______.A.fiftiesB.fiftyC.fiftiethsD.fiftieth()6.(2015·黄冈)—Howmanyfriend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