芦荟叶的特异结构_叶内生物活性成分及其与逆境适应的关系

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314Vol.31No.420104CHINESEJOURNALOFTROPICALCROPSApr.2010:(No.KJD06210063),(No.20070411057),“863”(No.2002AA2Z4061)。:,,,。E-mail:mayp2008@tom.com。:2009-10-30:2010-03-12、1,3,1,2,3,21,5260612,2100953,210038。,、。,,、。,NP、Si、。,、、。、、,、。;;;;doi10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2010.04.032S567(AloeL.),,,500[1],,10cm,20m,3~80cm,、。,。,,,,:[2-4];、、,,,,(),[5-10];,β,,,,[11];,,,,[12-19],、、。、、,。、。1,,,,,,,,/10~15,、、[20]。3.0(A.arborescensMill)4:、40~50cm,100~150g,;(A.veraL.),60~80cm,400~550g,。,、,、、;,、、。,,,[21-22]。,,,6~10μm,,,,,,[20,23-24]。,,;,,4。,[25]。,,,,,,[20,25]。1,,,。,,;,。,1~2,;,,[20,23]。3:1),;2),,;3),。,。,,[26]。Cutler[20],,,。,、(A.veraL.var.ChinensisBerg.)、90、80、70,,,,,“”,、、,,(CAM),CAM[27-28]。,。Li[1],(A.mutabilisPillans),;、、(A.saponariaHawer)(A.greeniiBak.);、、,;、,,“”,、“”。,(Liliceae)(Aloeceae),。2。,600,、。2.1(),(67731),(Aloin,)(Aloeemodin)。,(IsoAloin),β-(β-Aloin),(Aloin-Emodin-Diglucoside),-8-(Aloe-Emodin-8-Monoglucoside),(Aloesin),(Alomycin/Alomytin),(Alochrysin),(Aloaticacid),(Aloeresicacid),(Abxantnine),(Chrysophanol),(Chrysophanolglucoside),(Homonataloin),(Anthranol),I、II、III、IV(AloesaponarinI,II,III,IV),(Helminthosporin),(Aloenin),2’’-O-P--(2’’-O-P-Coumaroy-Aloesin),7-(7-Hydroxyalon)[29]。、3,、、。,()(),,,,、、、。,meso,,,2--(4-(β-D-)-7--5--)。,,,,,,。(4-β-D-)-7--5-2H-(-2-),2--8-D-7--5--[8,29]。,,“”,,[30-32]。,32.15,1.46,[33]。,。,1.5、3.0、5.0(mg/100mL)15.40、16.57、15.78,-3.0、4.0(mg/100mL)21.42、25.31[34]。2.2,,。,、-,,3:1)β(1→4)-:,;2):,,;3):,。,、、,。,,、。,3.0,123.7、125.0mg/L,3.562.85[35]。1.5、3.0、5.0(mg/100mL)161.28106.52、151.3792.25、247.67111.11,3.0、4.0(mg/100mL)171.1982.11、198.5397.32[34]。,,10000u。D-9:1;4,、-。3,A606784:、β(1→4),2,36;A90bβ(1→4)-,:=3:4[36]。,,β(1→4)-,1,4,、,。、,,。。Acemanan-,,,D-α(2→6),,1:20,,0.8。,5000000u,,、、,Acemanan[29]。,。,A(AloctinA),、,18000u,7500u10500u,18。N-。D-,,[8]。,(SOD)、(CAT)、(POD)、、。3,、??,,,、、、、,。3.1、,。,,Cutler[20]Beaumont[26]“”(aloincell)。,[37],。,,。:,,。,。,、,。[38],,1。Li[1],6,,、,。,,,,、、,。,,67931,,,,,“”,[26,39]。,,,“”,、,[40]。,,、,,,、,、[40]。,,,;,。,,。。,,。,25,;,9,β-;,0.0056,0.05~0.5。(mg/g),1.53.85、4.50,11.5,。()3.6、84,A.cameronii7.3、A.cryptopada55。,,[8,29]。,、、。-,Borntrager’s[41]。,3~5NaOH。365nm,,[39]。,,,,。3.2,。,:,,,,,,,。。,。,、。,,。,,,、。、,,POD,,。6804:、4、,、,,、、,[25]。,,,,,[25]。,:1)。,。,,,[42-43]。2),[44]。10a,、、、、,,,。4.1,、,,,。,[45],(25.0PEG-6000,W/V)、(1.0mol/LNaCl)(4℃)-(MDA),:3,MDA,,,,,。,。[46]1,(1.8NaCl)、(10℃)(25PEG-6000),:7d,3、、、,,,;;,,。,、,,。,[47]6,(-0.44、-0.88MPa)NaClPEG-6000。:-0.44、-0.88MPaNaClPEG10d,,,,NaClPEG。,NaClNa+、Cl-,,Cl-;NaClK+Ca2+,K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na+。PEG,-0.44~0.88MPaNaCl,:1),;2),。3)CAM,,。,,。,,。,,,,,,68131;,,[48]。4.2,UV-A、UV-B、UV-C3。UV-A320~400nm,,,UV-A,,UV-A。UV-B280~320nm,,。90UV-B,UV-B。UV-C200~280nm,,UV-C,10,UV-C。,UV-C。UV-B,UV-B。,1,2。UV-B,、、。,UV-B。,。[49],(27±1)℃、2000lx、12h/d,、、20d,、,:(),、17、242,3327,44,;、,3、,,。,UV。(UV308nm,18kJ/m2/d),1.0mg/L(50mL/m2)UV。:UV,,5.4cm,18.66,22.28,11.33,PODSOD54.0821.05,28,[35]。、、、,UV-B,[50]。,1.0mg/L5.0mg/L,,MDA[50]。,,。,,,,。,。:,,UV-B,6h[51]。65、6,、39.22、18.6540.96,:63.33,23.77,;33.3373.05,,。,,,,;、6824:、[52]。4.3、,[53-54]。,。,。[28]70、50、100、200、400mmol/LNaClHoagland120d。:200mmol/LNaCl,、、(),,,,65.02,38.32,、,;100mmol/LNaCl,,,、、、,50mmol/LNaCl。,50、100mmol/LNaCl,,。,NaCl,,。、,、Na+、Cl-,NaCl。,:NaCl200mmol/L,、、、、。QB/T2489-2000,,,,50~100mmol/LNaCl。,,NaCl100mmol/L、,NaCl50mmol/L、。,K+、Na+,Na+Cl-,。[55],,:10(,),;50,;,Mg2+;CK,pH、,Ca2+2550,。,。,,。(F0)50(V/V,:=1:1),6-“”(F50)。F0F50,60,:F50、F0,Na+F0,K+F0,K+/Na+,Na+/Ca2+,MDA[56]。,,Si。SiO。Si,Si,Si[57]。[28],2.0mmol/LSi68331NaCl100、200mmol/L,。SiNaClNa+Cl-,K+,K+/Na+,K+(ASK,Na)K+(TSK,Na),。X-。SiK+、H+-ATPase、H+-ATPaseH+-PPase。-(AloeveraL.)ATP(ATPase)Si,,ATPaseATPase,ATPase;NaCl100mmol/L30d,Si,、ATPase,Si2.0mmol/L,ATPase,。ATPase。,7,,NaCl(100mmol/L),30d10d,NaClSiSi,(Chl),Chla,(Fo)(Fv),(PS)(Fv/Fo),,Si,,Si,。,Si、、,,、[58-60]。,、、。(3.75~18.75mmol/L)NaCl200mmol/L,,、、、、、,11.25~15mmol/L。,:、,,[61]。、,、,:30%,,,;P2O590.0mg/L,30,30,[62]。2,5.0mmol/L10.0mmol/L,,,,;C(Vc),,Vc;,10.0、15.0、17.5mmol/L。Vc,10.0mmol/L,1.4、1.2、1.4、1.3。,10.0mmol/L,Vc,[63]。4.4,,。,,、、。,。、、,6844:、、。,,。[64]SOD,。,,SOD。:,;,。SOD,SOD。4.5,,。(GA3)、(ZRs)(ABA):,,ZRsGA3,ABA;,ZRsGA3,ABA。ABA[65]。AlDREB1。,[66]1DREBAlDREB2(AloeveraL.Dehydration-ResponsiveElementBinding),,AlDREB2。cDNA,3'RACEPCRDREB,AlDREB2,GenBankFJ560460,cDNA886bp,1636bp,(212)AlDREB1;AlDREB2DREBA26;RT-PCRAlDREB2,AlDREB2。NADP-(NADP-ME)。NADP-(NADP-ME)?NADP-,2NADP-496bpcDNA,;,NADP-MENADP-ME。,NADP-ME2,。Northern,、、ABA,。Western,NADP-ME,[67]。,。]3,AP-1(57.3)IRβ-D-,12900~13100u;AP-2,AP-19.6;,AP-2、AP-3、AP-4、AP-5AP-6,,AP-3[68]。5。,、。、、,,,、,NP、Si,。,。,,《200812》68531。,。、,、,,、,,。,。,。,。,、、、,。,,,。,,,,、。,,、、、、,。[1],,.[J].,2003,23(1):96-100.[2]LeungAY.Aloeveraincosmetic[J].Drug&CosmeticIndustry,1977,120:154-155.[3]Chauser-VolfsonE,GuttermanY.ThebarbaloincontentanddistributioninAloearborescensleavesaccordingtoleafpart,age,positionandseason[J].IsraelJournalofPlantScience,1996,44:289-296.[4]Chauser-VolfsonE,GuttermanY.ContentdistributionofthesecondaryphenoliccompoundhomonatalioninAloehereroensisleavesaccordingtoleafpart,positionandmonthlychanges[J].JournalofAridEnvironment,1997,37:115-122.[5]SydiskisRJ,OwenDG,etal.

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