博士论文答辩：B-O效应

1博士论文答辩Butcher-Oemler(B-O)效应(1978,1984)Rakos&Schombert1995ApJ,439,472博士论文答辩3博士论文答辩A168研究进展邻近星系团z=0.045;BM:II-III非统一的光度函数：较平的暗尾(Dressler,A.1978,ApJ,223,765)双X射线峰，明显的X/光学中心偏离：~10~kpc,H0=75)很可能是两个子团碰撞的结果(Ulmer,M.~P.,Wirth,G.~D.,&Kowalski,M.~P.1992,ApJ,397,430)没有发现与碰撞有关的蓝星系(Tomitaetal.1996AJ,111,42)引言：4博士论文答辩A168的形成与演化的综合研究：5博士论文答辩AppendixIStatisticofvelocities6博士论文答辩Statisticofvelocities7博士论文答辩Statisticofvelocities-K-SK-StestresultsD=0.30P=6%So,twovelocitydistributionissignificantlydifferentat94%confidencelevel.8博士论文答辩Bubbleplot9博士论文答辩Velocityalongtheelongation10博士论文答辩动力学K-S检验表明这两个分布有94%的概率来自不同的母分布。分布的扭曲(skewness)和拖尾(kurtosis)检验表明他们有本质的区别。平均视向速度差是：264±142km/s光学数据及其分析：动力学&光度函数：11博士论文答辩AppendixIIGravitationallybound12博士论文答辩GravitationallyboundL.O.S.13博士论文答辩Massestimation1020PP2rP2r22d)(1)5.01()1(1,/123/12/1,3symmetriclysphetrical,/1cPzczzHRRvGMRrvvrvGM14博士论文答辩Gravitationallybound.cos,sinwhere,cossin2bindingnalgravitatioforcriterionNewtonianThepr2p2rRRVVGMRV15博士论文答辩Gravitationallybound).cos1sin()2(),sin()2(),cos1(22/12/13mmmRGMVRtRR16博士论文答辩GravitationallyboundProbabilityofbinding.%92d),()(vvpvpP17博士论文答辩GB-probabilityP=92%18博士论文答辩19博士论文答辩AppendixIIILFs&DSF20博士论文答辩光度函数1引言：X-RAYEMISSIONFROMCLUSTERSOFGALAXIES-CraigL.Sarazin(1988)21博士论文答辩SchechterFunction22博士论文答辩光度函数2Trentham&Tully2002,MNRAS,335,712引言：23博士论文答辩DoubleSchechterFunction(DSF)24博士论文答辩DSFfit(figure)25博士论文答辩DSFfit(table)26博士论文答辩光度函数B/FA168N=0.68B/FA168S=1.37明显的星系成分差别说明A168N和A168S很可能有不同的形成与演化的历史。光学数据及其分析：动力学&光度函数：27博士论文答辩AppendixIVDensityprofile28博士论文答辩Densityprofile29博士论文答辩AppendixVPhotometricredshift30博士论文答辩测光红移31博士论文答辩S-P-redshiftcompare32博士论文答辩Redshiftdistribution33博士论文答辩AppendixVIEest-westdivide34博士论文答辩LFforEW35博士论文答辩SPforEW36博士论文答辩VDforEW37博士论文答辩AppendixVIIX-rayobservations38博士论文答辩ProposalabstractProposalTitle:ABELL168,ARAREMERGERWITHTHESIMPLESTGEOMETRYProposalNumber:03800125PrincipalInvestigator:MaximMarkevitchAbstract:Mergersprovideauniquelaboratoryforstudyingclusterphysics.Forexample,usingthegastemperatureanddensityupstreamanddownstreamofamergershock,onecandeterminetheshockvelocitythatdefinesthemergertimescaleandenergetics.Ifshockfrontsarediscernible(withthehelpofChandra'sarcsecondresolution),onecanusethemtostudymicroscopicpropertiesoftheintraclusterplasma,includingthemagneticfield.Whilemanyclustersexhibitsignsofmerging,mosthavecomplicatedgeometriesandprojectionsthatprecludeunambiguousinterpretation.WeproposetoobtainadetailedtemperaturemapofA168whoseimagesuggestsahead-oncollisionoftwosimilarcoolsubclustersoccurringintheplaneofthesky-thesimplestpossiblemergerscenario.39博士论文答辩观测信息TargetName:A168_OFFSET1A168_OFFSET2Observedata:2002-01-052002-11-01Releaseddata:2003-01-102003-11-05Exposuretime:41.12ks38.11ksObservationID:32033204Instrument:ACIS-IACIS-IChandraX射线分析：观测及数据处理：40博士论文答辩数据处理ACIS原始数据处理:ciao3.0二级(Level-two)数据文件ChandraX射线分析：观测及数据处理：41博士论文答辩42博士论文答辩AppendixofImaging2After“csmooth”43博士论文答辩AppendixofImaging1ExposureMapCorrected44博士论文答辩45博士论文答辩46博士论文答辩ChandraX射线分析：X射线谱分析：47博士论文答辩ChandraX射线分析：X射线谱分析：48博士论文答辩ChandraX射线分析：X射线谱分析：49博士论文答辩50博士论文答辩AppendixVIIIEest-westdivide51博士论文答辩52博士论文答辩