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Unit1ZPD:TheZoneofProximalDevelopment1.WhatisZPD?Thedistancebetweentheactualdevelopmentlevelasdeterminedbyindependentproblemsolvingandthelevelofpotentialdevelopmentasdeterminedthroughproblem-solvingunderadultguidanceorincollaborationwithmorecapablepeers.Thezoneofproximaldevelopment(ZPD)istherangeofabilitiesthatanindividualcanperformwithassistancebutcannotyetperformindependently.Theseskillsarecalledproximalbecausetheindividualisclosetomasteringthembutneedsmoreguidanceandpracticeinordertoperformtheseactionsindependently.2.ThreefactorsofZPD?1)TheMoreKnowledgeableOther:Themoreknowledgeableotherissomeonewhohasahigherlevelofknowledgethanthelearner.2)SocialInteraction:Duringcertainperiodsofachild'slife,theymayevenlooktopeersmorethantheylooktoadults.Kidsatthisageoftenlooktotheirpeersforinformationabouthowtoactandhowtodress.Inorderforchildrentolearnnewskills,itissuggestedpairingmorecompetentstudentswithlessskilledones.3)Scaffolding:Whenchildrenareinthiszoneofproximaldevelopment,providingthemwiththeappropriateassistanceandtoolsgivesstudentswhattheyneedtoaccomplishthenewtaskorskill.Theseactivities,instructions,tools,andresourcesareknownasscaffoldingUnit21.ThegoalofCommunicativeLanguageTeaching(CLT)?Tobridgethegapbetweenclassroomlanguageteachingandreal-lifelanguageuse2.Communicativecompetenceincludes......?1)Linguisticcompetence:-Languageitself:form&meaning2)Pragmaticcompetence:-touselanguageappropriatelyinsocialcontext3)Discoursecompetence:-tocreatecoherenttexts&tounderstandthem4)Strategiccompetence:-communicationbreakdownduetolackofresourcesFluency:-withoutstrainorinappropriateslownessorunduehesitation3.ThreeprincipleofCLT?1)Meaningfulnessprinciple:Improvereading,listeningandspeakingskillsandimprovelogicalthinkingability2)Communicationprinciple:Debateisaprocessthatinvolvesformaldiscussiononaparticulartopic3)Taskprinciple:Topresentideasinthemostpersuasiveway4.Communicativeactivities?IdentifyingpicturesIllustrationexercise5.WhatisPPP?ThePresentation,PracticeandProductionmodelofteachingPresentationofsinglenewitem;Practiceofnewitems,drills,exercises,dialoguespractice;Production:activity,roleplayorasktoencouragefreeuseoflanguage6.WhatisTBLT?TBLTmeansTask-BasedLanguageTeaching.4maincomponentoftask:apurpose,acontext,aprocess,aproductAcommunicativepurpose:makingsurethestudentshaveareasonforundertakingthetaskAcontext:thiscanbereal,simulatedorimaginary,andinvolvessociolinguisticissuessuchasthelocation,theparticipantsandtheirrelationship,thetime,andotherimportantfactorsAprocess:gettingstudentstouselearningstrategiessuchasproblemsolving,reasoning,inquiring,conceptualizingandcommunicating.Aproduct:therewillbesomeformofoutcome,eithervisible(awrittenplan,aletter,apicture,etc.)orinvisible(enjoyingastory,learningaboutanothercountry,etc.)Featuresoftask:Attentionisfocusedonmeaningratherthanform.Thelanguageuseislikethereal-worldcommunicationThereissomekindofinformationgapbetweentheparticipants7.DifferencesbetweenPPPandTBLT?PPP:studentsarerequiredtouseresourcesgivenbyteachersTBLT:Studentsarefreetochoosethelinguisticresources;relyontheirownlinguisticresourceswhencompletingthetaskTBLTfocusactivitiesencouragestudentstothinkandanalyze;PPPprefertorepeatandmanipulateTBLTprovideamorevariedexposuretonaturallanguagethanexamplesmadetoillustrateasinglelanguageitemasinaPPPcycle8.WhataretheconstraintsofTBLT?1)ThefirstisthatTBLTmaybenoteffectiveenoughtopresentnewlanguageitems.2)Second,cultureoflearning3)Third,levelofdifficulty4)Forth,timeisalsooneoftheconstraintsbecauseteachersneedtopreparetasksverycarefully.Unit3TheNationalEnglishCurriculum1.NFLTRA:TheNationalForeignLanguageTeaching&ResearchAssociation(NFLTRA)中国教育学会外语教学专业委员会2.WhatdidthenationalsyllabusofELTin1978mainlyfocuson?Basiclanguageknowledge:listening,speaking,readingandwriting3.Inthe2001NationalEnglishCurriculumforNine-yearCompulsoryEducationsyllabus,students'abilitiestoobserve,tomemorize,tothinkareemphasized.T/F(F)4.FourMajorPhasesofforeignlanguageteachinginChina?Aphaseofrestoration(1978-1985)Aphaseofrapiddevelopment(1986-1992)Aphaseofreform(1993-2000)Aphaseofinnovationfrom20005.Canyougivesometipsforteacherstodealwithchangesandchallengesintheprocessofcurriculumreform?anopenmindtraining,Availableresources,Newideas,Reflection.seminarsonlanguageteachingandobservationofteaching.Changetheviewaboutlanguagewhichisnotasystemoflinguisticknowledgebutameansforcommunication.Moretask-basedactivitiesMoreformativeassessmentProperlyapplyModerntechnologyinteachingTransformtherolepfteacherfromaknowledgetransmittertoamulti-roleeducator.Unit41.Doexperiencedteachersneedtodolessonplanning?Why?Yes.Becauselessonplanningisalsoimportantforexperiencedteachers.Lessonplanningmeansmakingdecisionsinadvanceaboutwhattoteach,howtoteachandthetimeassignmentofeveryteachingprocedure.Itcanhelpteacherstobeawareoftheteachingobjectivesofalesson.Itcanhelpteacherstodistinguishvariousstagesofalesson.Itcangiveteachersopportunitiestoanticipatepotentialproblemsandbepreparedforsomepossiblesituations.Forteachers,itcanhelptheirProfessionalde