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I摘要变速器是汽车传动系中的重要部件之一。变速器由变速传动机构和变速操纵机构两部分组成。变速器传动机构主要是改变转矩和转速的数值和方向；操纵机构的主要作用是控制传动机构，从而实现变速传动比的改变，即实现换挡，以达到变速变矩。变速器有机械式手动变速器和机械式无级变速器两种，如果变速器挡位多其动力性和经济性得到保证，挡位少其操纵方便，本次设计设计的是中型载货汽车变速器，针对变速器的传动机构方案的布置作了详细的分析最终选用5+1挡中间轴式变速器，换挡形式采用同步器换挡。结合总体的要求操纵机构形式选用直接操纵机构形式。本次设计的变速器既满足了汽车的动力性也满足了其经济性能指标。最后通过对齿轮、轴、键、轴承等的校核，使其变速器的尺寸及其部件的强度都满足设计要求。关键词：变速器；传动比；齿轮；校核；同步器IIAbstractTransmissionisoneoftheimportantpartsoftheautomobiletransmissionsystem.Transmissioniscomposedtwoparts:thecontrolofthevariablespeedandthedriveofthevariablespeed.Themechanismofthedrivegearboxofthetransmissionismainlyusedtochangethevalueandthedirectionofthetorqueandrotationalspeed;Themainfunctionofteoperatingmechanismistocontrolthedrivemechanismofthetransmission,soastomakethechangeoftheratioofthevariablespeed,namelytheimplementshift,inordertoachievethespeedandthetorque.Therearetwokindsoftransmissionsthatarethemanualmechanicaltransmissionandthemechanicalsteplesstransmission.Ifthetransmissiongearsisguaranteedformorethepowerperformanceandthefueleconomy,themanipulationisconvenienttolesscontrol.Thisdesignisthetransmissionofthemedium-sizedtruck,basedonthearrangementofthedriveschemeofthetransmission,wehasmadethedetailedanalysisofitandfinallywechoose5+1intermediateshafttypetransmission,andadopttheshiftformasthesynchronizershifting.Combinedwiththegeneralrequirements,theoperatingmechanismformchoosesthedirectoperatingmechanism.Thetransmissioninthisdesignnotonlymeetsthedynamicperformanceofthecar,butalsomeetstheindicatorsoftheeconomicperformance.Finallybycheckinggear,shaft,keyandbearing,thesizeofthetransmissionandthestrengthofcomponentsmeetthedesignrequirements.Keywords:transmission;ratio;gear;check;synchronizerIII摘要...........................................................................................................................................IAbstract......................................................................................................................................II1绪论......................................................................................................................................12变速器的方案分析..............................................................................................................32.1变速器类型选择及传动方案设计...........................................................................32.1.1结构工艺性....................................................................................................32.1.2变速器的径向尺寸........................................................................................32.1.3变速器的传动效率........................................................................................32.2变速器传动机构的分析...........................................................................................42.2.1换挡结构形式的选择....................................................................................42.2.2倒挡的形式及布置方案................................................................................52.3变速器操纵机构方案分析.......................................................................................62.3.1变速器操作机构的功用................................................................................62.3.2设计变速器操作机构时应满足的基本要求................................................62.3.3换挡位置........................................................................................................62.3.4传动路线........................................................................................................72.4具体零部件方案确定...............................................................................................72.4.1同步器的选择................................................................................................82.4.2轴承形式[4].....................................................................................................92.4.2轴的结构设计................................................................................................92.5变速器的操纵机构...................................................................................................93变速器主要参数的确定....................................................................................................113.1变速器的档位数和传动比.....................................................................................113.2中心距.....................................................................................................................133.3变速器的轴向尺寸.................................................................................................143.4齿轮参数.................................................................................................................143.5各档齿轮齿数的分配.............................................................................................183.6变速器齿轮的设计计算.........................................................................................213.6.1几何尺寸计算..............................................................................................21IV3.6.2齿轮的材料及热处理..................................................................................233.6.3齿轮的弯曲强度计算..................