基于虚拟水理论的三江平原农畜产品需水量研究

东北农业大学硕士学位论文基于虚拟水理论的三江平原农畜产品需水量研究姓名：关博申请学位级别：硕士专业：农业水土工程指导教师：付强20090620ITonyAllan199312(FAO)CROPWATCROPCLIMATE312200520062.630×1093.46010932005200623.5×108m330.4×108m329.34%499%5IIAbstractIIIResearchonWaterrequirementofagriculturalandlivestockproductsinSanjiangPlainbasedonVirtualWaterAbstractThestatusofincreasinglywaterresourcesscarceforcedpeopletocontinuetoseekwaystoalleviatethewatercrisis.Theemergenceoftheconceptofvirtualwatermadethesettlementofthisissuepossible.VirtualwateristheconceptthatProfessorTonyAllanproposedcreativelyin1993,itreferstotherequiredquantityofwaterresourcesthatproductionofgoodsandprovisionofservices.Virtualwater,aswellasrelatedvirtualwatertradeandtheemergenceofvirtualwaterstrategicthinkingisverysignificant.Ithaschangedthepeople'straditionalwayofthinking,madethechannelofsolvingwatershortageproblemsdiversificately,thatisnotlimitedtotheuseoflocalentitilewaterresources,butfromthesystempointofview,useingsystemthinkingapproachtofindvariousinfluencingfactorsrelevanttotheissue,fromtheoutsideofwatershedtofindsolutionstrategytodealwithinternalproblems.Virtualwaterhasbecomeanimportantfactorsofregionalwaterresourcemanagement.Inthispaper,bythestatusofrelativescarcityandirrationaldistributionofthewaterresourcesinourcountry,Weproposedthenewideasofuseingvirtualwaterstrategytosolvetheproblemofwatershortage.Inthearticle,weintroducedthefollowingfivemainaspects:1.Thebackground,purpose,significance,researchathomeandabroad,researchmethods,technicalrouteofthevirtualwaterresearch.Onthebasisofresultsathomeandabroadresearchonvirtualwater,weconstructedthetheoreticalsystemofvirtualwater,including:theconceptofvirtualwatercontent,thecompositionofvirtualwater,thecalculationmethodofvirtualwater.2.BasedonthestatusofwaterresourcesutilizationanddevelopmentinSanjiangPlain,analyzethevirtualwaterquantityinagriculturalandlivestockproductsinSanjiangPlain.UseingUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)recommendedCROPWATsoftware,CROPdatabaseandCLIMATEdatabase,analyzevirtualwatercontentperunitmassinagriculturalandlivestockinSanjiangPlain.3.MadequalityofvirtualwatercontentinagriculturalandlivestockunitsproductsinSanjiangPlainandinourcountryforcomparison,andcalculatedthesavingwaterqualityinSanjiangregion.HighlightedtheadvantagesofSanjiangPlainindevelopingofmarketablegrainplantingandanimalhusbandry,theregionshouldbeexpandedplantareaofrice,wheatandothercropsthathascomparativeadvantageinSanjiangPlain.Bycalculatingandanalyzinginthispaper,wecouldgetthefollowingconclusions:IV1.unitsvirtualwatercontentoftherice,maize,potato,soybean,vegetablesandmelonswaslowerthantheaveragelevelofourcountry,thatistosayplantingthesecropsintheSanjiangPlainwillsavealotofwater.Especiallyriceandsoybeans,water-savingeffectismorevisible.2.thetotalvirtualwatercontentofmainagriculturalandlivestockproductsin2005and2006ofSanjiangPlainis2.630×109m3and3.460×109m3,thevirtualwatercontentofcropsaccountformorethan90percentofthetotal.FromStatisticsintwoyears,wecansee,thevirtualwatercontentofcropsisenormous,sointhefuturestudy,weshouldfocusonagriculturalproducts.Weshouldusetechnicalmeanstoreducethevirtualwatercontentinunitweightofcrop,inordertoachieveconservationofwaterresourcesandimproveutilizationofwaterresourcespurposes.3.Theexportingvolumeofvirtualwatercontentinagriculturalandlivestockproductsin2005and2006ofSanjiangPlainis23.5×108m3and30.4×108m3,theannualgrowthrateis29.34percent,thevirtualwaterinfoodexportingaccountformorethan90percent.4.BytheanalysisofvirtualwatertradeofChinesefood,wecansee,thefoodsecurityofourcountryissecure,self-sufficiencyrateis99percent,butourcountry'sfoodsecuritywithintheregionwouldbenoneedforcompletlyself-sufficiencythroughvirtualwatertradetoresolveregionalshortageofwaterresources,improvetheutilizationeffectionofwaterresources.5.Theimplementationofvirtualwaterstrategyhasapositiveroleforwaterresourcesmanagementandpolicyguidance,andalsofindanewideatosolvetheproblemshortageofwaterresourcesintheareasofrelativescarcityofwaterresources.but,theimplementationofvirtualwaterstrategyalsohassomeproblems,suchasover-relianceonvirtualwatertradetosolvethewatershortageprobleminthisareamayincreasetheriskoffoodsecurity,weshouldbebetterpreparemeasurestodealwiththeriskoffoodsecurity.Virtualwaterstrategyasanewinitiationtoexpandtherangeofoptionsofsolutiontotheproblemofwatershortage..ThequantitativeanalysisofVirtualwatertradewillhelpourcountrygetaclearunderstandingofthemulti-directionalutilizationofwaterresources,howtomakebetteruseofbothmarketsandresourceswillplayapositiveroleintheguidance.Thevirtualwatertradehasprovidedanalternativemodeofsupplyintheregionofwaterresourcesshortage,itcanprovideeffectivemeansforalleviatingthepressureoftheshortageofwaterresourcesandnotresultinadverseenvironmentalconsequences.Therefore,itisverynecessarytoexplorethefollow-uptheoryofvirtualwaterandvirtualwatertrade.KeywordsVirtualwater;SanjiangPlain;Agriculturalandlivestockproducts;WaterrequirementCandidateGuanBoMajorSoilandWaterofAgriculturalEngineeringSupervisorFuQiang111.11.1.1262.3241/540%8020