酸化剂技术资料

™Trademarks®RegisteredbyKeminIndustries,Inc.,U.S.A.1000082005_12BSF动物饲料的酸化Acidificationofanimalfeeds建明工业（珠海）有限公司™Trademarks®RegisteredbyKeminIndustries,Inc.,U.S.A.2000082005_12BSF有关乳猪断奶和养殖盈利的一般原则…Generalthoughtssurroundingweaningandprofitablepigproduction…断奶期…养猪业中最为关键的时期Weaning…themostcriticalstageofporkproduction+500g离开母猪=+1.0kg出售。+500gleavingthenursery=+1.0kgatmarkettime饲料的根本改变Radicaldietarychange从温暖液体母乳…变为干冷的饲料和冷水。Fromwarmfluidmilk…tocolddryfeed&coldwater不再有被动的抗体保护。Lossofpassiveantibodyprotection高度的紧张Highstress身体上，换了新环境…甚至几公里之外Physicalrelocation…uptoseveralkilometers新的(更激烈的)竟争New(andhigher)levelofcompetition™Trademarks®RegisteredbyKeminIndustries,Inc.,U.S.A.3000082005_12BSF为什么要把饲料酸化?WhyDietaryAcidification?•适应断奶后消化道系统的酸性环境SupporttheGIacidificationsystempost-weaning•酶的激活Enzymeactivation•防止细菌的生长和繁殖Inhibitbacterialgrowthandpropagation•减低尿液的pH值ReduceurinepH要记住水也是一种饲料.事实上,水是动物一天当中食量最大的一种成份．Rememberwaterisalsofeed.Infact,itisthelargestcomponentofananimal’sdailyintake™Trademarks®RegisteredbyKeminIndustries,Inc.,U.S.A.4000082005_12BSF胃液酸化的重要性ImportanceofGastricAcidification成为微生物进入猪肠的一道屏障。Barriertomicrobialpassageintotheintestine生命中最初几小时…胃酸还没有产生。Firsthoursoflife…nogastricacidproduction允许初乳中的免疫球蛋白和细菌进入小肠。Allowspassageofcolostralimmunoglobulinsandbacteriaintothesmallintestine胃蛋白酶在pH3.5(或更低)条件下激活。PepsinactivationatpH3.5(orlower)instomach创造最佳条件，把蛋白质消化分解为多肽。Optimizesinitialdigestionofproteinstolargepeptides肽酶激活(胰腺和肠道)需要把肠道的pH降到中性。Peptidaseactivation(pancreaticandintestinal)byloweringtheintestinalpHtoneutral™Trademarks®RegisteredbyKeminIndustries,Inc.,U.S.A.5000082005_12BSF缓冲机制BufferingMechanisms唾液Saliva分泌碳酸氢盐(胃和肠道)Bicarbonatesecretions(gastricandintestinal)粘液Mucus饲料Feed蛋白质产品(大豆粉，肉粉等)Proteinproducts(soybeanmeal,meatmeal,etc.)碳水化合物Carbohydrates矿物质(Ca,Mg,etc.)Minerals(Ca,Mg,etc.)水Water采食的水：饲料比=3:1Water-to-FeedIntake=3:1™Trademarks®RegisteredbyKeminIndustries,Inc.,U.S.A.6000082005_12BSF乳猪是胃酸不足的分界期PigletsareMarginaltoDeficientinStomachAcid(Polivodaetal,1973)日龄(天)胃pH(SEM)104.19(0.45)203.42(0.18)304.29(0.34)403.24(0.53)503.79(0.69)602.83(0.38)成年猪约2.0Age(days)StomachPHAdultAround2.0™Trademarks®RegisteredbyKeminIndustries,Inc.,U.S.A.7000082005_12BSF051015猪仔14断奶后周数mMol/100gdigesta盐酸VFA乳酸断奶(乳猪时间35天,喂食后３小时测定浓度;Schnabel1983)(sucklingtime35days,concentrationsdetermined3hoursafterfeeding;Schnabel1983)健康青年猪胃消化液的胃酸浓度ConcentrationofAcidsinStomachDigestaofHealthyYoungPigssucklingweaningWeekspost-weaningHydrochrolicacidLacticacid™Trademarks®RegisteredbyKeminIndustries,Inc.,U.S.A.8000082005_12BSF断奶猪胃液pH值的时间变化趋势(每个数值是15个数值的平均值;Thomlinsonetal,1981)StomachpHvaluesovertimeintheweanerpig(eachvalueisthemeanof15values;Thomlinsonetal,1981)时间Time胃液pHStomachpH8.45am9.45am10.45am11.45am12.45pm1.45pm2.45pm3.45pm4.45pm4.034.213.114.143.894.264.054.084.23™Trademarks®RegisteredbyKeminIndustries,Inc.,U.S.A.9000082005_12BSF结论Conclusion•为了促进小猪的消化，有必要向猪饲料添加酸•Thereisarealneedforacidadditiontopigfeedtohelppigsbetterdigesttheirfeed™Trademarks®RegisteredbyKeminIndustries,Inc.,U.S.A.10000082005_12BSF然而…However…•向饲料中添加有机酸还有其它好处•Theadditionoforganicacidstofeedcanhaveotherbeneficialeffects™Trademarks®RegisteredbyKeminIndustries,Inc.,U.S.A.11000082005_12BSFpH值的作用—抗微生物—ThepHeffect—antimicrobial—™Trademarks®RegisteredbyKeminIndustries,Inc.,U.S.A.12000082005_12BSF通过降低pH抵抗微生物的效果AntimicrobialeffectthroughloweringpH在pH4条件下阻止Gr-细菌的繁殖(大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌)InhibitingthegrowthofGr-bacteria(E.ColiandSalmonella)atpH4促进生产乳酸菌(LAB)的繁殖Stimulationoflacticacidproducingbacteria(LAB)™Trademarks®RegisteredbyKeminIndustries,Inc.,U.S.A.13000082005_12BSF通过降低pH抵抗微生物的效果AntimicrobialeffectthroughloweringpH最佳pH范围OptimalpH-range大肠杆菌E.Coli6-8沙门氏菌Salmonella6-7.5链球菌Streptococcus6-7.5葡萄球菌Staphylococci6.8-7.5梭状芽胞杆菌Clostridia6-7.5H+A-H+A-(阴离子效果)(anioneffect)H++H++A-有机酸的抗菌机理Organicacidanti-bacterialmechanism(细胞外的低pH值利于防止细菌生长(lowerpHoutsidethecellhelpspreventbacterialgrowth)(增加细胞内的H+浓度杀死细菌)(increasedH+insidethecellkillsbacteria)1.pH效果1.pHeffects2.阴离子效果2.Anioneffects(不同阴离子结构有不同效果)(differencesduetodifferentanionstructures)™Trademarks®RegisteredbyKeminIndustries,Inc.,U.S.A.15000082005_12BSFpH的作用—消化功能—ThepHeffect—digestive—™Trademarks®RegisteredbyKeminIndustries,Inc.,U.S.A.16000082005_12BSF一些原料束缚酸的能力ACIDBINDINGCAPACITYOFSOMERAWMATERIALS原料Rawmaterial大麦Barley小麦Wheat高梁Maize燕麦Oats麦糠Wheatbran豆粉Soyameal鱼粉Fishmeal脱脂乳粉Skim-milkpowder磷酸氢钙Dicalciumphosphate石灰石Limestonemeq/kg200-300appr.500950-12001500-19001200-15006500-7500appr.20000(ProhaszkaandBaron,1980pH4)™Trademarks®RegisteredbyKeminIndustries,Inc.,U.S.A.17000082005_12BSF高缓冲能力(HBC)1和低缓冲能力(LBC)猪饲料(DECUYPEREETAL,1997)THEHIGHBUFFERCAPACITY(HBC)1ANDLOWBUFFERCAPACITY(LBC)OFTHEPIGFEEDS(DECUYPEREETAL,1997)分析高缓冲能力饲料低缓冲能力饲料Cr.蛋白质%16.316.3不溶灰分%1.402.25Cr.脂肪%5.305.40Ca%1.580.90P%0.650.90BC(meq/kg)926566dEB(meq/kg)(2)222210PH(1:3feed/H20)5.65.6(1)测定了两种不同缓冲能力的日粮:a)高缓冲能力日粮926meq(HBC)b)低缓冲能力日粮566meq(LBC)(1)Twodietswithdifferentbuffercapacityweretested:a)Ahighbuffercapacitydietwith926meq(HBC)b)alowbuffercapacitydietwith566meq(LBC)(2)dEB以K+Na–Cl计算(2)dEBcalculat